Hormones (AO1)

Question 1

Define “hormones”. (2 points)

Answer 1

Chemical messengers produced from endocrine glands

Carried in the blood to target organs where they bind to receptors, initiating a response

Question 2

What are the 10 endocrine glands in the endocrine system?

Answer 2

Head and neck:
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid

Middle:
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal gland

Bottom half:
Ovary
Placenta
Testes

Question 3

What is the hypothalamus’s function and what is one of the hormones it produces?

Answer 3

Function: Connects the nervous system with endocrine system via nerves

Produces: neurohormones/neuropeptides that function as both neurotransmitters and hormones e.g. oxytocin - love hormone

Question 4

What is the pituitary gland’s function and what is one of the hormones it produces?

Answer 4

Function: Releases hormones

Produces: Growth hormone - controls growth of bones and muscles

Question 5

What is the pineal gland’s function and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 5

Function: Regulates sleep patterns in both circadian and seasonal cycles

Produces: Melatonin – sleep hormone

Question 6

What is the thyroid’s function and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 6

Function: Controls metabolism rate and promotes growth

Produces: thyroxine

Question 7

What is the thymus’s function and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 7

Function: Promotes production and maturation of white blood cells

Produces: thymosin

Question 8

What is the pancreas’s function and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 8

Function: regulates blood glucose concentration

Produces: insulin - converts excess glucose into glycogen in the liver

Question 9

What is the adrenal gland’s function and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 9

Function: Prepares the body for emergencies

Produces: Adrenaline

Question 10

What is the ovaries’ function and what hormone do they produce?

Answer 10

Function: Controls ovulation and secondary sexual characteristics

Produces: Estrogen

Question 11

What is the testes’ function and what hormone do they produce?

Answer 11

Function: Controls sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics

Produces: Testosterone

Question 12

What is the placenta’s function and what hormone does it produce?

Answer 12

Function: Maintains thick uterus lining during pregnancy - enables zygote to implant

Produces: progesterone