Hormones and Diabetes

Question 1

Where are hormones produced?

Answer 1

Glands

Question 2

What is a target organ?

Answer 2

The organ where a hormone has an effect.

Question 3

How are hormones transported in the body?

Answer 3

In the blood

Question 4

Which is faster, nervous response or endocrine response?

Answer 4

nervous response

Question 5

Where is adrenalin produced?

Answer 5

Adrenal gland

Question 6

Which response is caused by adrenalin?

Answer 6

fight or flight

Question 7

What effect does adrenalin have on the heart?

Answer 7

Increases heart rate

Question 8

What effect does adrenalin have on blood pressure?

Answer 8

Increases

Question 9

What effect does adrenalin have on liver?

Answer 9

Stimulate liver to change glycogen into glucose to increase blood sugar

Question 10

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 10

thyroid

Question 11

What is a negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 11

A response in the body when conditions change from the ideal point in order to reverse the change.

Question 12

What effect does thyroxine have in the body?

Answer 12

Stimulate metabolic rate (also growth and development)

Question 13

What happens if thyroxine levels in the body are too low?

Answer 13

The hypothalamus releases TRH, the pituitary gland releases TSH which stimulates the thyroid to release more thyroxine.

Question 14

What happens if thyroxine levels in the body are too high?

Answer 14

Release of TRH and TSH are inhibited, so the thyroid stops releasing more thyroxine.

Question 15

Which hormone is released from the testes?

Answer 15

Testosterone

Question 16

Which hormones are released from the ovaries?

Answer 16

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 17

What are hormones?

Answer 17

Chemical signals in the body.

Question 18

Why is the fight or flight response important?

Answer 18

Prepares the body to either flee from or fight a danger

Question 19

What is the purpose of insulin?

Answer 19

Reduce blood sugar levels.

Question 20

Which gland releases insulin

Answer 20

pancreas

Question 21

What is the target organ of insulin

Answer 21

liver and muscle cells

Question 22

What effect does insulin have on its target organs?

Answer 22

Causes them to take up excess sugar and store it as glycogen

Question 23

When is insulin released?

Answer 23

When blood sugar levels rise- e.g. after eating a meal

Question 24

What effect does glucagon have on the body?

Answer 24

Causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose

Question 25

When is glycogen released?

Answer 25

When blood sugar levels drop too low

Question 26

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 26

When the pancreas does not produce insulin

Question 27

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 27

When body cells do not respond to insulin produced by the pancreas

Question 28

How is type 1 diabetes managed?

Answer 28

insulin injections, carefully controlled diet

Question 29

How is type 2 diabetes managed?

Answer 29

Carefully controlled diet and exercise programme. Weight loss

Question 30

What are some risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

Obesity, poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics

Question 31

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 31

BMI = mass / height ^2