hormones Flashcards
Hormones
chemical messengers that are transported in body fluids. released from “endocrine glands” (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas)
Hypothalamus
CRH (corticotrophin-releasing hormone) TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) GHRH (Growth hormone-releasing hormone) GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) somatostain dopamine
Anterior pituitary
secretes GH (growth hormone)
Anterior pituitary
secretes: GH (growth hormone) ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) FSHLH (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & LH (luteinizing hormone) Prolactin
FSH & LH
Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation.
- stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, production of estrogen and progesterone.
Male: stimulates release of testosterone, development of interstitial tissue of testes.
- stimulates sperm production.
Prolactin
prepares female breast for breastfeeding
Posterior pituitary
Secretes:
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
GH
Stimulates growth of the bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases carbohydrate metabolism.
ACTH
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones.
TSH
Stimulates secretion and synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Cortisol
affects metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels, affect growth, has anti-inflammatory action, and decreases effect of stress.
Adrenal medulla
Secretes:
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
neurotransmitters for the sympathetic NS
Thyroid
Secretes:
Thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine (T3) & thyroxine (T4) & calcitonin
T3 & T4
increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; necessary for fetal and infant growth and development
calcitonin
lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels
Pancreatic islet cells
Secretes:
glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin
Glucagon & insulin
Glucagon: increases blood glucose concentration by stimulation of glycogeneogenesis & glycogenolysis.
Insulin: lowers blood glucose through glucose transport across cell membranes of the muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
Somatostatin
Delays intestinal absorption of glucose
Ovaries
Secretes:
estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen & progesterone
Estrogen: affects development of female sex organs and characteristics.
Progesterone: influences menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of uterine wall; maintains pregnancy
Testes
Secretes: androgens; mainly testosterone
Androgens (testosterone)
development of male sex hormones, sex characteristics, and aid in sperm production
