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Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A
  1. Source: GnRH from hypothalamus –> released by anterior pituitary (tropic)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males
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2
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A
  1. Source: GnRH from hypothalamus –> released by anterior pituitary (tropic)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males
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3
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A
  1. Source: CRH from hypothalamus –> released by anterior pituitary (tropic)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and release glucocorticoids
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4
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A
  1. Source: TRH from hypothalamus –> released by anterior pituitary (tropic)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones
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5
Q

Prolactin

A
  1. Source: Decreased dopamine (PIF) from hypothalamus –> released by anterior pituitary (tropic)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates milk production and secretion
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6
Q

Endorphins

A
  1. Source: anterior pituitary (direct)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: decrease pain sensation; can promote euphoria
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7
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A
  1. Source: GRHR from hypothalamus –> GH from anterior pituitary (both direct and tropic)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels
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8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)

A
  1. Source: synthesized in hypothalamus –> released by posterior pituitary (direct)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct; decreases blood osmolarity and increases blood volume
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9
Q

Oxytocin

A
  1. Source: synthesized in hypothalamus –> released by posterior pituitary (direct)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates uterine contractions during labor, milk secretion during lactation, bonding behavior
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10
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

A
  1. Source: thyroid (follicular cells)
  2. Type: amino acid derivative
  3. Action: stimulate metabolic activity
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11
Q

Calcitonin

A
  1. Source: thyroid (parafollicular/C-cells)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: decreases blood calcium concentrations
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12
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A
  1. Source: parathyroids
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: increases blood calcium concentrations
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13
Q

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)

A
  1. Source: adrenal cortex
  2. Type: steroid (corticosteroid)
  3. Action: increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory
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14
Q

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

A
  1. Source: adrenal cortex
  2. Type: steroid (corticosteroid)
  3. Action: increases water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote K and H ion excretion; keep blood osmolarity constant
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15
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)

A
  1. Source: adrenal medulla
  2. Type: amino acid derivative
  3. Action: increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns
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16
Q

Glucagon

A
  1. Source: alpha cells of pancreas
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increases blood glucose concentrations
17
Q

Insulin

A
  1. Source: beta cells of pancreas
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: lowers blood glucose concentrations and promotes anabolic processes
18
Q

Somatostatin

A
  1. Source: delta cells of pancreas
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin
19
Q

Testosterone

A
  1. Source: testis and adrenal cortex
  2. Type: steroid (cortical sex hormone from adrenal gland)
  3. Action: induces development and maintenance of male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics
20
Q

Estrogen

A
  1. Source: ovary/placenta
  2. Type: steroid (cortical sex hormone from adrenal gland)
  3. Action: induces development and maintenance of female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics
21
Q

Progesterone

A
  1. Source: ovary/placenta
  2. Type: steroid
  3. Action: promotes maintenance of the endometrium
22
Q

Melatonin

A
  1. Source: pineal gland
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: involved in circadian rhythms
23
Q

Erythropoietin

A
  1. Source: kidney
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes (RBCs) in response to low blood oxygen
24
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A
  1. Source: Heart (atria)
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: promotes salt and water excretion; decreases blood volume and keeps blood osmolarity constant
25
Q

Thymosin

A
  1. Source: Thymus
  2. Type: peptide
  3. Action: Stimulates T-cell development

Biology (14 decks)

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