Hormones

Question 1

growth hormone (hGH)

Answer 1

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: Increase bone and muscle growth, increase cell turnover rate

Question 2

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 2

• Gland: Anterior Pituitary
• Class: Peptide
• Target/Effect: Increases growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

Question 3

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 3

• Gland: Anterior Pituitary
• Class: Peptide
• Target/Effect: Increases synthesis and release of TH

Question 4

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 4

• Gland: Anterior Pituitary
• Class: Peptide
• Target/Effect Promotes follicle development in the ovary, Promotes spermatogenesis in testes

Question 5

Releasing and Inhibiting factors

Answer 5

Gland: Hypothalamus
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: pituitary/modify activity

Question 6

Prolactin

Answer 6

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: mammary gland/milk production

Question 7

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 7

Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis (gonadrotropic)

Question 8

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH aka vasopressin)

Answer 8

Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: kidney/water retention

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction

Question 10

Thyroid Hormone (TH, thyroxine)

Answer 10

Gland: Thyroid
Class: modified amino acid
Target/Effect: child: necessary for physical and mental development
adult: increase metabolic rate and temperature

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

Gland: Thyroid C cells
Class: Peptides
Target/Effect: bone, kidney/lowers serum [Ca2+]

Question 12

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

Gland: Parathyroid
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: bone, kidney, small intestine/raises serum [Ca2+] = works with osteoclasts

Question 13

Thymosin (children only)

Answer 13

Gland: Thymus
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: T cell development during childhood

Question 14

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 14

Gland: Adrenal Medulla
Class: Modified amino acid
Target/Effect: sympathetic stress response (rapid)

Question 15

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

Answer 15

Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Class: Steroid
Target/Effect:
- Long Term stress response: increase blood glucose, increase protein catabolism, decrease inflammation and immunity, etc.

Question 16

Aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)

Answer 16

Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Class: Steroid
Target/Effect: kidney / increase Na+ reabsorption which leads to increase in blood pressure

Question 17

Sex Steroids

Answer 17

Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Class: Steroids
Target/Effect: not important but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization

Question 18

Insulin (secreted by B cells)

Answer 18

Gland: endocrine pancreas (islets of langerhans)
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: Decrease blood glucose / increase glycogen and fat storage (absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus)

Question 19

Glucagon (secreted by A cells)

Answer 19

Gland: Endocrine Pancreas (Islets of langerhans)
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: Increase blood glucose / decrease glycogen and fat storage

Question 20

Somatostatin (SS) [secreted by gamma cells)

Answer 20

Gland: Endocrine Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: Inhibits many digestive processes

Question 21

Testosterone

Answer 21

Gland: Testes
Class: Steroid
Target/Effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis

Question 22

Estrogen

Answer 22

Gland: Ovaries/Placenta
Class: Steroid
Target/Effect: female characteristics, endometrial growth

Question 23

Progesterone

Answer 23

Gland: Ovaries/Placenta
Class: Steroid
Target/Effect: endometrial secretion, pregnancy

Question 24

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

Answer 24

Gland: Heart
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: Kidney / ↑ urination to ↓ blood pressure

Question 25

Erythropoietin

Answer 25

Gland: Kidney
Class: Peptide
Target/Effect: Bone marrow / ↑ RBC synthesis

Question 26

Salivary Amylase

Answer 26

• Breaks down a bond in polysaccharides (starch and glycogen)
• Found in the saliva (mouth)

Question 27

Lipase

Answer 27

Breaks down fats

Question 28

Goblet cells

Answer 28

Make mucous that serves as lining from stomach

Question 29

Chief cells

Answer 29

Secrete pepsinogen

Question 30

G cells

Answer 30

Secrete gastrin

Question 31

Gastrin

Answer 31

Controls the release of HCl from parietal cells

Question 32

Parietal cells

Answer 32

Secrete HCl to increase the acidity in the stomach

Question 33

Pepsinogen

Answer 33

• Protease

- Zymogen, turns into pepsin

Question 34

Gastric Juices

Answer 34

HCl + pepsin + hormones involved in digestion

Question 35

Liver

Answer 35

Produces bile, does detox, makes Albumin, vitamin storage, glucose regulation

Question 36

Gall Bladder

Answer 36

Hold bile (emulsifier)

Question 37

Pancreas

Answer 37

Major digestive enzyme producer + Bicarbonate

Question 38

Trypsinogen

Answer 38

Pancreatic, zymogen, turns to trypsin when activated by enterokinase, converts chmyotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin

Question 39

Chymotrypsinogen

Answer 39

Pancreatic, hydrolyze peptide bonds, activated by trypsin to turn into chmytrypsin

Question 40

Enterokinase

Answer 40

Small intestinal gland, converts trypsinogen to trypsin

Question 41

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 41

• Produced in the small intestine
• Released in small intestine when food moves from stomach to small intestine
• Stimulates bile and pancreatic enzymes release
• Increase Satiety

Question 42

Secretin

Answer 42

• Produced in the small intestine
• Inhibits gastric release
• Secretes water and bicarbonate to neutralize acidity in the small intestine