Hormones Flashcards by Taryn Douglas

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

gland of origin- hypothalamus

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulate secretion of TSH and prolactin

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corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

gland of origin- hypothalamus

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates secretion of ACTH

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gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

gland of origin- hypothalamus

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

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somatostatin or somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (SRIF)

gland of origin- hypothalamus

chemical class- peptide

major actions- inhibits secretion of growth hormone

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dopamine or prolactin-inhibitng factor (PIF)

gland of origin- hypothalamus

chemical class- amine

major actions- inhibits secretion of prolactin

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growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

gland of origin- hypothalamus

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates secretion of growth hormone

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thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

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follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes, stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

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Luteinizing hormone (LH)

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes, stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, estrogen and progestorone synthesis in ovaries

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growth hormone

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

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prolactin

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone)

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melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

gland of origin- anterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates melanin synthesis (?humans)

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oxytocin

gland of origin- posterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

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vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

gland of origin- posterior pituitary

chemical class- peptide

major actions- stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles

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triiodothyronine (t3) and L-thyroxine (t4)

gland of origin- thyroid

chemical class- amine

major actions- stimulates skeletal growth, oxygen consumption, heat production, protein, fat, carbohydrate utilization, perinatal maturation of the central nervous system

calcitonin

gland of origin- thyroid

chemical class- peptide

major actions- decreases serum [Ca2+]

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

gland of origin- parathyroid

chemical class- peptide

major actions- increases serum [Ca2+]

cortisol (glucocorticoid)

gland of origin- adrenal cortex

chemical class- steroid

major actions- stimulates gluconeogenesis, inhibits inflammatory response, supresses immune response, enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines

aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)

gland of origin- adrenal cortex

chemical class- steroid

major actions- increases renal Na+ reabsorption, K+ secretion, H+ secretion

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)

gland of origin- adrenal cortex

chemical class- steroid

major actions- stimulates spermatogenesis, stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

testosterone

gland of origin- testes

chemical class- steroid

major actions- stimulates spermatogenesis, stimulates male secondary sex characteristics

estradiol

gland of origin- ovaries

chemical class- steroid

major actions- stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion, maintains pregnancy

progesterone

gland of origin- ovaries

chemical class- steroid

major actions- stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle, maintains pregnancy

estradiol and progesterone

gland of origin- corpus luteum chemical class- steroid major actions- stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion, maintains pregnancy

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

gland of origin- placenta chemical classification- peptide major actions- stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in corpus luteum of early pregnancy

human placental lactogen (hPL) or human chorionic somatomammotropin

gland of origin- placenta chemical classification- peptide major actions- has growth hormone-like and prolactin-like actions during pregnancy

estriol

gland of origin- placenta chemical classification- steroid major actions- stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion, maintains pregnancy

progesterone

gland of origin- placenta chemical class- steroid major actions- maintains pregnancy

insulin (Beta cells)

gland of origin- pancreas chemical class- peptide major actions- decreases blood [glucose]

glucagon (alpha cells)

gland of origin- pancreas chemical class- peptide major actions- increases blood [glucose]

renin

gland of origin- kidney chemical class- peptide major actions-catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

gland of origin- kidney chemical class- steroid major actions- increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+; bone mineralization

norepinephrine, epinephrine

gland of origin- adrenal medulla chemical class- amine major actions- actions of sympathetic nervous system