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Colin Renal Final > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Is ADH/AVP a protein or steroid?

A

Protein

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2
Q

What stimulates release of AVP/ADH?

A

Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus detect an increase in osmolality, releasing ADH

Baroreceptors in the carotid body detect stretch. When no stretch (decreased blood volume) is detected, ADH is secreted

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3
Q

Aside from ADH secretion, what is another action resulting from increased osmolality detected by osmoreceptors?

A

Increased thirst sensation

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4
Q

What is the origin of ADH/AVP?

A

Synthesized in the hypothalamus, secreted by neurons in the posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

What are the actions of ADH/AVP? (6)

A
  • Increase expression of Aquaporin Channels in Principal cells of the Distal Tubule/Collecting Duct
  • Constriction of blood vessels
  • Inhibits water loss through sweat
  • Indirectly promotes K+ secretion
  • Promotes urea reabsorption in the inner medullary duct
  • Promotes Ca2+ reabsorption in the Thick Ascending Limb of the loop of henle (increases paracellular permeability)
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6
Q

Is aldosterone a protein or steroid?

A

Steroid

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7
Q

What stimulates release of Aldosterone?

A 
Angiotensin II (RAAS)
Increased serum [K+]
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8
Q

What is the origin of Aldosterone?

A

Adrenal Cortex

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9
Q

What are the actions of Aldosterone?

A
  • Increases Na+ reabsorption (Increases expression of ENaC channels on the apical membrane of Principal cells in the distal tubule/collecting duct
  • Increases K+ secretion in the Principal Cells and Beta-Intercalated Cells
  • Increases H+ secretion in the alpha-intercalated cells (promotes action of H+-ATPase activity on apical membrane
  • Increases K+ secretion into GI and saliva
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10
Q

Is epinephrine a protein or steroid?

A

Protein

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11
Q

What stimulates release of Epinephrine?

A

Fight/Flight

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12
Q

What is the origin of epinephrine?

A

Adrenal Medulla

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13
Q

What are the action of epinephrine in relation to kidney function?

A

Depends on the receptor

Beta-Catecholamine: Increases activity of Na-K-ATPase (increasing K+ influx into cells, and promoting K+ secretion in the kidney)

Alpha-Catecholamine: Decreases activity of Na-K-ATPase (decreasing K+ influx into the cell and increasing serum K+)

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14
Q

Is insulin a protein or steroid?

A

Protein

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15
Q

What stimulates release of insulin?

A

Fed State

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16
Q

What is the origin of insulin?

A

Pancreas

17
Q

What are the actions of insulin in relation to kidney function?

A

Insulin promotes cell uptake of K+ by increasing activity of Na-K-ATPase and promotes K+ secretion.

18
Q

Is ANP a protein or steroid?

A

Protein

19
Q

What stimualtes release of ANP?

A

Volume expansion/elevated blood pressure

20
Q

What is the origin of ANP?

A

Atrial Cardiac Muscle Cells

21
Q

What are the actions of ANP?

A

Promote secretion of Na+ in urine

Inhibits the actions of RAAS and ADH
blocks water and salt retention

22
Q

Is Angiotensin II a Protein or Steroid?

A

Protein

23
Q

What signals the release of Angiotensin II?

A

RAAS

Renin Release stimulated by:

  • Low Salt in distal tubule (macula Densa)
  • Sympathetics
  • Decreased perfusion pressure of the afferent arteriole
24
Q

What is the origin of Angiotensin II?

A

Angiotensinogen synthesized in liver

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme formed in the lungs

25
Q

What are the actions of Angiotensin II?

A

Promote secretion of Aldosterone

Constricts the efferent arteriole (increasing GFR)

Promotes Na+ reabsorption/H+ secretion

Increases blood volume, blood pressure, blood pH

26
Q

Is calcitriol a protein or steroid?

A

Steroid

27
Q

What signals the release of calcitriol?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

28
Q

What is the origin of calcitriol?

A

Proximal tubule

29
Q

What are the actions of Calcitriol?

A

Overall: promotes increased serum [Ca2+] and increased serum [Pi]

Binds with VDR (Vitamin D Receptor)

Bone: Increases osteoclastic activity (minerazlization of bone/reabsoprtion of Ca2+)

Intestine: Promote absorption of Ca2+ and Pi

Kidney: Promotes reabsorption of Ca2+ and Phosphate

30
Q

Is calcitonin a protein or steroid?

A

Protein

31
Q

What promotes the release of calcitonin?

A

Increased serum Ca2+ (Hypercalcemia)

32
Q

What is the origin of calcitonin?

A

Thyroid Gland

33
Q

What are the actions of calcitonin?

A

Overall: Decrease serum Ca2+ and decrease serum Pi

Bone: Inhibits mineralization/Ca2+ reabsorption by blocking osteoclastic activity and reducing number of osteoclast cells

Kidney: Increase Ca2+ and Pi excretion

34
Q

Is PTH a protein or steroid?

A

Protein

35
Q

What promotes the release of PTH?

A

Hypocalcemia

36
Q

What is the origin of PTH?

A

Parathyroid Gland

37
Q

What are the actions of PTH?

A

Overall: Promotes increase in serum Ca2+, decrease in serum Pi

Bone: Promotes osteoclastic mineralization/Ca2+ reabsorption

Intestine: Promotes Ca2+ absorption and Pi absorption indirectly (via action of Calcitriol)

Kidney:

  • Promotes Ca2+ reabsorption in the Distal Convoluted Tubule
  • Inhibits Pi reabsorption in the Proximal tubule
  • Inhibits HCO3- reabsorption
  • Promotes Mg2+ reabsorption
  • Inhibits H+ secretion (blocks Na/H exchanger)
38
Q

What does FGF-23 do?

A

Inhibits Pi reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Colin Renal Final (9 decks)

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