Hormones

Question 1

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 1

Increase bone and muscle growth, Increase cell turnover rate.

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Question 2

Prolactin

Answer 2

Target: Mammary gland
Effect: milk production

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Question 3

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (tropic)

Answer 3

Target: Thyroid
Effect: Increase synthesis and release to Thyroid hormone (TH)

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Question 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (tropic)

Answer 4

Increase growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Question 5

Luteinizing hormone (LH) (gonadotropic)

Answer 5

Ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Question 6

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (gonadotropic)

Answer 6

Ovary/follicle development; Testes/spermatogenesis

Secreted by Anterior pituitary

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

Answer 7

Target: Kidney
Effect: Increase water retention

Secreted by Posterior Pituitary

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

Target: Breast
Effect: milk letdown

Target: Uterus
Effect: contraction

Secreted by Posterior Pituitary

Also important in mediating social attachment between mother and child.

Question 9

Thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)

Answer 9

Target: Child
Effect: necessary for physical and mental development

Target: Adult
Effect: Increase metabolic rate and temperature

Secreted by the thyroid

Question 10

Calcitonin

Answer 10

Target: Bone, kidney
Effect: lowers serum [Ca2+]

Secreted by Thyroid C Cells

Question 11

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 11

Target: Bone, kidney, small intestine
Effect: Raises serum [Ca2+]

Secreted by Parathyroid

Question 12

Epinephrine

Answer 12

Sympathetic stress response (response to activation of the sympathetic nervous system)

Secreted by Adrenal Medulla

Question 13

Cortisol (“glucocorticoid”)

Answer 13

Longer-term stress response
Increase blood [glucose]
increase protein catabolism
Decrease inflammation and immunity

Secreted by Adrenal Cortex (NOT MEDULLA)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) involves the adrenal cortex, but not the adrenal medulla. The HPA regulates cortisol release from the cortex, not the medulla.

Question 14

Aldosterone (“mineralcorticoid”)

Answer 14

Target: Kidney
Effect: Increase Na+ reabsorption to b.p.

Secreted by Adrenal Cortex

Question 15

Insulin

Answer 15

Decrease blood [glucose]
Increase glycogen and fat storage

Secreted by beta cells from the islets of Langerhans in the endocrine pancreas

Absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus
Type I diabetes doesn’t make insulin

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

Increase blood [glucose]
Decrease glycogen and fat storage

Secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the Endocrine Pancreas

Question 17

Somatostatin

Answer 17

inhibits many digestive processes

Secreted by delta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the endocrine pancreas

Question 18

Erythropoietin

Answer 18

Target: Bone marrow
Effect: Increase RBC synthesis

Question 19

Progesterone

Answer 19

Released by the ovaries

Inhibits uterine contractions and drops in progesterone levels precede the uterine contractions associated with labor. (antagonistic relationship with oxytocin)