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Anatomy 3300 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

exocrine

A

non-hormonal secretions transported through ducts to membrane surface of cells

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2
Q

endocrine

A 
duct-less 
secrete specific chem (hormones) 
released into surrounding tissue fluid (intersistial) 
rich vascular lymphatic drainage 
specific target organs
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3
Q

Strictly endocrine glands

A 
pituitary 
thyroid 
parathyroid 
adrenal 
pineal
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4
Q

humoral stimuli

A

has a direct response to what it finds in the blood stream

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5
Q

hormonal stimuli

A

indirect - release of factors has to be stimulated by other hormones - chain of actions

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6
Q

hormonal activation on a target cell depends on what 3 things?

A

blood level of hormone
number of receptors on cell
affinity between hormone and receptor

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7
Q

types of hormones

A

amino acid hormones

steroid hormones

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8
Q

hypothalamus

A

inferior to the thalamus and is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine system

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9
Q

where does hypothalamus get input from

A

limbic system, cerebral cortex, thalamus and RAS

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10
Q

hypothalamus outputs info to

A

pit gland

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11
Q

where does the pit gland sit and where and how does it connect to the hypothalamus

A

it sits in hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and is connected inferiorly to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum

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12
Q

posterior lobe of pit

A

neural tissue
connected to infundibulum
derives from neural tube

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13
Q

anterior lobe

A

glandular - 75% of total weight

derives from rathickes pouch (roof of mouth)

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14
Q

pituitcytes

A

main part responsible for storage and release of hormones of posterior pituitary (dont produce hormones)

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15
Q

what tracts provide to posterior pit

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal

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16
Q

supraoptic cells secrete

A

oxytocin

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17
Q

paraventricular cells secretes

A

ADH

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18
Q

What is ACTH stimulated by

A

CRH (corticotrophin releasing hormone)

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19
Q

what does acth stimulate

A

adrenal cortex - help body fight stressors, release glucocorticoids (cortisol)

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20
Q

cushings disease is from what

A

excess glucocorticoids - from ACTH

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21
Q

MSH is stimulated by what

A

corticotrope cells

22
Q

MSH then stimulates

A

melanin production (pigmentation)

23
Q

MSH acts as a CNS neurtransmitter for what

A

appetite control

24
Q

HGH is regulated by what 2 hypothalamic factors

A

GHRH - stimulates release

somatostatin - hinhibits release

25
Q

What produces HGH

A

somatotopes - specialized cells in pit

26
Q

TSH is stimulated by

A

TRH (produced by thyrotropes)

27
Q

TSH stimulates

A

T3 and T4 secretion

28
Q

Thyroid hormones is what kind of system

A

negative feedback

29
Q

Gonadotropins are stimulated by

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) - secreted by gonadotropes
activated at puberty

30
Q

what are the 2 types of gonadotropin hormones

A

LH (lutenizing hormone)

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

31
Q

LH

A

in females - stimulates secretion of estrogens and progesterone, ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
males - stimulates testes to produce testosterone

32
Q

FSH

A

stimulates gamete prod (sperm/egg)
regulates development of follicle
stim estrogen prod

33
Q

prolactin is produced by

A

lactotropes

34
Q

what does prolactin do

A

stim milk prod in mammary glands

35
Q

high levels of prolactin in males can =

A

hypogonadism - underdevelopment of gonads, gynecomastia - development of breast tissue

36
Q

what is gigantism and what hormone does it result from

A

childhood disease - excessive linear growth before closure of epiphyseal plates
- excessive hGH

37
Q

what is acromegly and what hormone is it from

A

adult disease - big hands, feet, internal organs, jaw

- excessive hGH normally from a tumour

38
Q

cushings disease is from excess

A

acth

39
Q

hyperpolactinemia `

A
  • over prod of milk from excess prolactin

- diff in male v. female

40
Q

posterior lobe hormones

A

ADH and oxytocin

41
Q

anterior lobe

A 
GH
FSH
LH
TSH
MSH
PROLACTIN
42
Q

what is the largest pure endocrine gland

A

thyroid

43
Q

how are the 2 lobes of the thyroid connected

A

isthmus

44
Q

the thyroid spans from

A

C5-T1

45
Q

nervous supply to the thyroid

A

postganglionic fibers - superior and middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

46
Q

main BS to thyroid

A

superior thyroid artery (from external carotid) and inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian) draining into superior, middle and inferior (drain into branchiocephalic viens or internal jug)

47
Q

function of T3 and T4

A

increase metabolic rate
increase body heat prod
involved in growth and development

48
Q

what are parafollicular cells

A

cells embedded within a follicle and creates calicitonin

49
Q

calcitonin function

A

regulates Ca+ homestasis by:
lowering blood caclium
inhibiting bone reabsorption via inhibiting osteoclasts and by accelleratig uptake of calcium and phosophates into bone extracelluar matrix

50
Q

what is graves disease

A

an autoimmune disease from HYPERthyroidism

Anatomy 3300 (7 decks)

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