Hormones Flashcards
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers which control how we respond to changes in the environment around us and play key roles in many activities including growth and development, sleep, sexual function, reproduction, metabolism, fluid and electrolyte balance, emotions and mood.
What hormones are associated with obesity?
Leptin
Insulin
Hormones can only interact with cells which possess the appropriate hormone receptor, what is this called?
Target cells
How do hormones travel through the body?
Through the blood stream
What is responsible for the control and levels of many hormones in the body?
The Hypothalamus
The Pituitary gland
What are the systems involved in the control and coordination of homeostasis?
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Name a hormone that can produce an immediate effect.
Adrenaline
Name the two main groups or types of hormones.
- Steroid hormones
2. Protein hormones
Describe steroid hormones.
They are derived from cholesterol and lipid-soluble molecules.
Describe protein hormones.
They consist of strings of amino acids. A short string of amino acid is called a peptide hormone.
Which cell organelle are protein hormones synthesised?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What are the two main ways that hormones can interact?
Steroid hormones interact with cytoplasmic receptors
Protein hormones interact with cell surface receptors.
Name some examples of protein hormones.
Amine
Peptide
These are water soluble and so cannot readily diffuse through the cell membrane.
What is the difference between protein hormones and steroid hormones?
Protein hormones are water soluble and so cannot diffuse through the cell membrane. Whereas, steroid hormones are lipid soluble and can.
Hormone synthesis is regulated through, what type of feedback mechanism?
Negative feedback mechanism
