Hormones Flashcards
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males
Luteinizing Hormone
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in males
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secretes glucocorticoids
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones
Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates milk production and secretion
Endorphins
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Decrease sensation of pain
Can promote euphoria
Growth Hormone
Anterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates bone and muscle growth
Raises blood glucose levels
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)
Hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct
Oxytocin
Hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary
Peptide
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroid (follicular cells)
Amino acid derived
Stimulate metabolic activity
Calcitonin
Thyroid (follicular cells)
Amino acid derived
Decreases blood calcium concentrations
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroids
Peptide
Increase blood calcium concentrations
Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)
Adrenal cortex
Steroid
Increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Adrenal cortex
Steroid
Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla
Amino acid derived
Increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns
Glucagon
Pancreatic (a-cells)
Peptide
Stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increase blood glucose concentrations
Insulin
Pancreatic (B-cells)
Peptide
Lowers blood glucose concentrations and increases anabolic processes
Somatostatin
Pancreas (g-cells)
Peptide
Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin
Testosterone
Testis and adrenal cortex
Steroid
Develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics
Estrogen
Ovary and placenta
Steroid
Develops and maintains female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone
Ovary and placenta
Steroid
Promotes maintenance of the endometrium
Melatonin
Pineal gland
Peptide
Involved in circadian rhythms
Erythropoietin
Kidney
Peptide
Stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Heart (atria)
Peptide
Promotes salt and water reabsorption
Thymosin
Thymus
Peptide
Stimulates T-cell development
