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Anatomy & Physiology II > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

Learn the specific hormones, where they originate from, their major function and their chemical structure.

1
Q

What is the major function of Secretin?

A

Stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to release bicarbonate and water.

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2
Q

Which gland secretes Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is the major function of Norepinephrine/Epinephrine?

A

Same effects as sympathetic stimulation.

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4
Q

What is the major function of Progesterone?

A

Stimulates secretion of “uterine milk” by the uterine endometrial glands and promotes development of secretory apparatus of breasts.

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5
Q

What is the major function of Erythropoietin?

A

Increases erythrocyte production.

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6
Q

What is the function of Growth Hormone?

A

Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth of most cells and tissues.

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7
Q

What is the chemical structure of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol?

A

Steroid

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8
Q

What is the chemical structure of Testosterone?

A

Steroid

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9
Q

What is the chemical structure of Prolactin?

A

Peptide

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10
Q

Which gland releases Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Which gland secretes Corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH)?

A

Hyopthalamus

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12
Q

What is the chemical structure of Norepinephrine/Epinephrine?

A

Amine

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13
Q

What is the major function of Estrogen?

A

Promotes growth and development of female reproductive system, female breasts, and female secondary sexual characteristics.

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14
Q

What is the major function of Oxytocin?

A

Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions.

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15
Q

What is the major function of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes; stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, and estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries.

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16
Q

Which gland releases Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Which gland releases Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)?

A

Posterior Pituitary

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18
Q

Which gland releases Norepinephrine/Epinephrine?

A

Adrenal Medulla (Kidneys)

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19
Q

What is the major function of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH?

A

Causes growth of follicle in the ovaries and sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes.

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20
Q

Which gland releases Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

A

Placenta

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21
Q

What is the major function of Atrial natriurectice peptide (ANP)?

A

Increases sodium excretion by kidneys, reduces blood pressure.

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22
Q

What is the chemical structure of Thyroxine?

A

Amine

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23
Q

What is the chemical structure of Estrogen?

A

Steroid

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24
Q

Which gland releases Thyroxine?

A

Thyroid

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25
Q

Which gland releases Luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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26
Q

What is the chemical structure of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Peptide

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27
Q

What is the chemical structure of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Peptide

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28
Q

Which gland releases Erythropoietin?

A

Kidneys

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29
Q

What is the major function of Gastrin?

A

Stimulates HCl secretion by parietal cells.

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30
Q

What is the major function of Aldosterone?

A

Increases renal sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, and hydrogen ion secretion.

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31
Q

What chemical structure is Corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH) classified as?

A

Peptide

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32
Q

Which gland releases Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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33
Q

Which gland/tissue releases Atrial natriurectice peptide (ANP)?

A

Heart

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34
Q

What is the chemical structure of Erythropoietin?

A

Peptide

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35
Q

Which gland/tissue releases Secretin?

A

Small Intestine

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36
Q

Which gland/tissue releases Gastrin?

A

Stomach

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37
Q

What is the chemical structure for Cholecystokinin (CKK)?

A

Peptide

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38
Q

Which gland releases Growth Hormone?

A

Anterior Pituitary

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39
Q

Which gland releases Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)?

A

Hypothalamus

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40
Q

What is the chemical structure of Leptin?

A

Peptide

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41
Q

What is the chemical structure of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH?

A

Peptide

42
Q

What is the major function of Corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH)?

A

Causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

43
Q

What is the major function of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)?

A

Increases water reabsorption by the kidneys (ADH) and causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure (vasopressin).

44
Q

What is the major function of Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?

A

Causes release of growth hormone.

45
Q

Which chemical structure is Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) classified as?

A

Peptide

46
Q

What is the major function of Cortisol?

A

Has multiple metabolic functions for controlling metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; also has anti-inflammatory effects.

47
Q

Which gland releases Prolactin?

A

Anterior Pituitary

48
Q

What is the major function of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)

49
Q

What is the chemical structure of Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)?

A

Amine

50
Q

What is the chemical structure of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Peptide

51
Q

What gland/tissue releases Cholecystokinin (CKK)?

A

Small Intestine

52
Q

Which gland releases Insulin?

A

Pancreas

53
Q

Which gland releases Progesterone?

A

Ovaries/Placenta

54
Q

What is the chemical structure of Progesterone?

A

Steroid

55
Q

What is the chemical structure of Oxytocin?

A

Peptide

56
Q

What is the major function of the Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Controls serum calcium ion concentration by increasing calcium absorption by the gut and kidneys and releasing calcium from bones.

57
Q

What is the chemical structure of Secretin?

A

Peptide

58
Q

Which gland releases Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Parathyroid (duh)

59
Q

What is the chemical structure of Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)?

A

Peptide.

60
Q

What is the major function of Dopamine or prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF)?

A

Inhibits release of prolactin.

61
Q

Which gland releases Testosterone?

A

Testes in males. Adrenal Cortex (Kidneys) in small amounts in males and females.

62
Q

Which gland releases Human somatomammotropin?

A

Placenta

63
Q

What chemical structure is Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) classified as?

A

Peptide

64
Q

What is the major function of Insulin?

A

Promotes glucose entry in many cells, and in this way controls carbohydrate metabolism.

65
Q

Which gland releases Estrogen?

A

Ovaries/Placenta

66
Q

Which gland releases Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Anterior Pituitary

67
Q

What is the major function of Cholecystokinin (CKK)?

A

Stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes.

68
Q

Which gland releases Aldosterone?

A

Adrenal Cortex (Kidneys)

69
Q

What is the major function of Testosterone?

A

Promotes development of male reproductive system and male secondary sexual characteristics.

70
Q

What is the chemical structure of Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

A

Peptide

71
Q

What is the major function of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone)

72
Q

What is the chemical structure of Aldosterone?

A

Steroid

73
Q

Which gland releases Calcitonin?

A

Thyroid

74
Q

What is the major function of Calcitonin?

A

Promotes deposition of calcium in the bones and decreases extracellular fluid calcium ion concentration.

75
Q

Which gland releases 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol?

A

Kidneys

76
Q

What is the major function of 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol?

A

Increases intestinal absorption of calcium and bone mineralization.

77
Q

Which gland releases Cortisol?

A

Adrenal Cortex (Kidneys)

78
Q

Which gland releases Oxytocin?

A

Posterior Pituitary

79
Q

What is the chemical structure of Calcitonin?

A

Peptide

80
Q

What is the chemical structure of Cortisol?

A

Steroid

81
Q

What is the major function of Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

A

Promotes growth of corpus luteum and secretion of estrogen and progesterone by corpus luteum.

82
Q

What is the major function of Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)?

A

Inhibits release of growth hormone.

83
Q

What is the chemical structure of Growth Hormone?

A

Peptide

84
Q

What is the major function of Leptin?

A

Inhibits appetite, stimulates thermogenesis.

85
Q

What is the major function of Prolactin?

A

Promotes development of the female breasts and secretion of milk

86
Q

What is the major function of Human somatomammotropin?

A

Probably helps promote development of some fetal tissues as well as the mother’s breasts.

87
Q

Which gland releases Growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH)?

A

Hypothalamus

88
Q

What is the major function of Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

A

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin.

89
Q

Which gland releases Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH?

A

Anterior Pituitary

90
Q

Which gland releases Glucagon?

A

Pancreas

91
Q

What is the chemical structure of Gastrin?

A

Peptide

92
Q

What is the major function of Glucagon?

A

Increase synthesis and release of glucose from the liver into the body fluids.

93
Q

What is the major function of Thyroxine?

A

Increases the rates of chemical reactions in most cells, thus increasing body metabolic rate.

94
Q

Which cells/tissue release Leptin?

A

Adipocytes

95
Q

What is the chemical structure of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH?

A

Peptide

96
Q

What is the major function of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH?

A

Causes release of LH and FSH.

97
Q

What is the chemical structure of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)?

A

Peptide

98
Q

What is the chemical structure of Insulin?

A

Peptide

99
Q

What is the chemical structure of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Peptide

100
Q

What is the chemical structure of Glucagon?

A

Peptide

Anatomy & Physiology II (1 decks)

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