Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Biology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gland: Hypothalamus

A

Hormone (class): Releasing and inhibiting factors (peptides). Target/effect: Anterior pituitary/modify activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary

A

Hormone (class): Growth hormone/GH (peptide). Prolactin (peptide). Target/effect: ↑bone & muscle growth, ↑cell turnover rate. Mammary gland/milk production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary, tropic

A

Hormone (class): Thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH (peptide). Adrenocorticotropic hormone/ACTH (peptide). Target/effect: Thyroid/↑synthesis & release of TH. ↑growth & secretory activity of adrenal cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gland: Anterior Pituitary, gonadotropic

A

Hormone (class): Luteinizing hormone/LH (peptide). Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH (peptide). Target/effect: Ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis. Ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gland: Posterior pituitary

A

Hormone (class): Antidiuretic hormone/ADH/vasopressin (peptide). Oxytocin (peptide). Target/effect: Kidney/water retention. Breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gland: Thyroid

A

Hormone (class): Thyroid hormone/TH/thyroxine (modified amino acid). Target/effect: Child - necessary for physical & mental development; adult - ↑metabolic rate & temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gland: Thyroid, thyroid C cells

A

Hormone (class): Calcitonin (peptide). Target/effect: Bone, kidney; lowers serum [Ca2+]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gland: Parathyroids

A

Hormone (class): Parathyroid hormone/PTH (peptide). Target/effect: Bone, kidney, small intestine/raises serum [Ca2+].

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gland: Thymus

A

Hormone (class): Thymosin (children only) (peptide). Target/effect: T cell development during childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gland: Adrenal medulla

A

Hormone (class): Epinephrine (modified amino acid). Target/effect: Sympathetic stress response (rapid).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gland: Adrenal cortex

A

Hormone (class): Cortisol/”glucocorticoid” (steroid). Aldosterone/”mineralocorticoid” (steroid). Sex steroids. Target/effect: Longer-term stress response; ↑blood [glucose]; ↑protein catabolism; ↓inflammation & immunity; many others. Kidney/↑Na+ reabsorption to ↑b.p. Not normally important, but an adrenal tumor can over produce these, causing masculinization/feminization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gland: Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans

A

Hormone (class): Insulin (β cells secrete) (peptide). Absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus. Glucagon (α cells secrete) (peptide). Somatostatin (SS-δ cells secrete) (peptide). Target/effect: ↓blood [glucose]/↑glycogen & fat storage. ↑blood [glucose]/↓glycogen & fat storage. Inhibits many digestive processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gland: Testes

A

Hormone (class): Testosterone (steroid). Target/effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gland: Ovaries/placenta

A

Hormone (class): Estrogen (steroid). Progesterone (steroid). Target/effect: Female characteristics, endometrial growth. Endometrial secretion, pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gland: Heart

A

Hormone (class): Artificial natriuretic factor/ANF (peptide). Target/effect: Kidney/↑urination to ↓b.p.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gland: Kidney

A

Hormone (class): Erythropoietin (peptide). Target/effect: Bone marrow/↑RBC synthesis.

17
Q

Hormone (class): Releasing and inhibiting factors (peptides). Target/effect: Anterior pituitary/modify activity.

A

Gland: Hypothalamus

18
Q

Hormone (class): Growth hormone/GH (peptide). Prolactin (peptide). Target/effect: ↑bone & muscle growth, ↑cell turnover rate. Mammary gland/milk production.

A

Gland: Anterior Pituitary

19
Q

Hormone (class): Thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH (peptide). Adrenocorticotropic hormone/ACTH (peptide). Target/effect: Thyroid/↑synthesis & release of TH. ↑growth & secretory activity of adrenal cortex.

A

Gland: Anterior Pituitary, tropic

20
Q

Hormone (class): Luteinizing hormone/LH (peptide). Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH (peptide). Target/effect: Ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis. Ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis.

A

Gland: Anterior Pituitary, gonadotropic

21
Q

Hormone (class): Antidiuretic hormone/ADH/vasopressin (peptide). Oxytocin (peptide). Target/effect: Kidney/water retention. Breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction.

A

Gland: Posterior pituitary

22
Q

Hormone (class): Thyroid hormone/TH/thyroxine (modified amino acid). Target/effect: Child - necessary for physical & mental development; adult - ↑metabolic rate & temperature.

A

Gland: Thyroid

23
Q

Hormone (class): Calcitonin (peptide). Target/effect: Bone, kidney; lowers serum [Ca2+]

A

Gland: Thyroid, thyroid C cells

24
Q

Hormone (class): Parathyroid hormone/PTH (peptide). Target/effect: Bone, kidney, small intestine/raises serum [Ca2+].

A

Gland: Parathyroids

25
Q

Hormone (class): Thymosin (children only) (peptide). Target/effect: T cell development during childhood.

A

Gland: Thymus

26
Q

Hormone (class): Epinephrine (modified amino acid). Target/effect: Sympathetic stress response (rapid).

A

Gland: Adrenal medulla

27
Q

Hormone (class): Cortisol/”glucocorticoid” (steroid). Aldosterone/”mineralocorticoid” (steroid). Sex steroids. Target/effect: Longer-term stress response; ↑blood [glucose]; ↑protein catabolism; ↓inflammation & immunity; many others. Kidney/↑Na+ reabsorption to ↑b.p. Not normally important, but an adrenal tumor can over produce these, causing masculinization/feminization.

A

Gland: Adrenal cortex

28
Q

Hormone (class): Insulin (β cells secrete) (peptide). Absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus. Glucagon (α cells secrete) (peptide). Somatostatin (SS-δ cells secrete) (peptide). Target/effect: ↓blood [glucose]/↑glycogen & fat storage. ↑blood [glucose]/↓glycogen & fat storage. Inhibits many digestive processes.

A

Gland: Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans

29
Q

Hormone (class): Testosterone (steroid). Target/effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis.

A

Gland: Testes

30
Q

Hormone (class): Estrogen (steroid). Progesterone (steroid). Target/effect: Female characteristics, endometrial growth. Endometrial secretion, pregnancy.

A

Gland: Ovaries/placenta

31
Q

Hormone (class): Artificial natriuretic factor/ANF (peptide). Target/effect: Kidney/↑urination to ↓b.p.

A

Gland: Heart

32
Q

Hormone (class): Erythropoietin (peptide). Target/effect: Bone marrow/↑RBC synthesis.

A

Gland: Kidney

MCAT Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions