Hormones Flashcards
What are the classifications of hormones ?
Steroid and Non Steroid
Steroid hormones are _____ soluble and formed from _____
lipid, cholesterol
Non steroid hormones are ______ and formed from______, ______ or ______
non lipid, proteins, peptides, amino acids
How do hormones secreted?
directly into the bloodstream and then they circulate to target cells and bind to their specific receptors
what system regulates hormone secretion?
negative feedback systems
Define upregulation vs downregulation
upregulation: increase in available receptors
down regulation: decrease in available receptors. desensitization
Plasma glucose concentrations are increased by the actions of….
glucagon, epinephrine, noreponephrine and cortisol
what is the primary source of energy at rest?
free fatty acids (FFA)
How are FFA’s broken down?
through enzyme lipase breaks down triglycerides into FFA and glycerol
What hormones promote glycogenolysis and glucoeogenesis ?
glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol
Why is less insulin required during exercise?
Because insulin concentrations decline during prolonged exercise so cell sensitivity to insulin also increases.
What does the body use for energy when carbohydrates are low?
Fat oxidation and liplysis
decreased insulin concentration and increased concentrations of catecholamines, cortisol and GH
Why is ADH released during exercise?
To increase water retention. Build up of electrolytes in the blood cause an increase in hemoconcentration and plasma osmolality. Water retention will dilute the blood.
What are the main hormones involved in the regulation of fluid balance?
ADH (water retention) and Aldosteron (Na+ retention)
ADH acts directly on the ______ to increase plasma volume
Kidneys
