Hormones

Question 1

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 1

Stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males (ant. pit)

Question 2

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 2

stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males (anterior pit)

Question 3

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 3

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids (anterior pituitary)

Question 4

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 4

Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones(anterior pituitary)

Question 5

prolactin

Answer 5

stimulates milk production and secretion(anterior pituitary)

Question 6

endorphins

Answer 6

decreases sensation of pain; can promote euphoria (ant. pit)

Question 7

growth hormone

Answer 7

stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels

Question 8

antidiuretic hormone (ADH;vasopressin)

Answer 8

stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct (hypothalamus-released by post. pit)

Question 9

oxytocin

Answer 9

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior (hypothalamus-released by post. pit)

Question 10

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Answer 10

Stimulate metabolic activity (thyroid-follicular cells)

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

decreases blood calcium concentrations (thyroid-parafollicular or C cells)

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

Increases blood calcium concentrations (parathyroids)

Question 13

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)

Answer 13

Increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory (adrenal cortex)

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Answer 14

Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption; promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion (Adrenal cortex)

Question 15

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 15

Increase blood glucose concentrations and heart rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow patterns (Adrenal medulla)

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

Stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increases blood glucose concentrations (Pancreas-alpha cells)

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Lowers blood glucose concentrations and increases anabolic processes (Pancreas-beta cells)

Question 18

Somatostatin

Answer 18

Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin (Pancreas-gamma cells)

Question 19

Testosterone

Answer 19

Develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics (testis and adrenal cortex)

Question 20

estrogen

Answer 20

develops and maintains female reproductive system and female secondary characteristics (ovary and placenta)

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

Promotes maintenance of the endometrium (ovary and placenta)

Question 22

Melatonin

Answer 22

involved in circadian rhythms (pineal gland)

Question 23

Erythropoietin

Answer 23

Stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes (Kidney)

Question 24

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 24

Promotes salt and water excretion (heart-atria)

Question 25

Thymosin

Answer 25

Stimulates T-cell development (thymus)

Question 26

Aldosterone

Answer 26

• stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion, increase water reabsorption, blood volume and blood pressure
• secreted from adrenal cortex
• regulated by renin-angiotensin system

Question 27

ADH

Answer 27

• increasing collecting duct’s permeability to water to increase water reabsorption
• is secreted from posterior pituitary with high [solute] in the blood