Hormones Flashcards
What is a hormone?
A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by glands in the endocrine system that regulates various bodily functions.
True or False: Hormones are only produced by the pancreas.
False
Name the gland responsible for producing insulin.
Pancreas
How does insulin regulate blood glucose
Pancreas detects increase in blood glucose, pancreas releases insulin. More glucose absorbed from the blood by the liver, glucose then converted to glycogen then respired. Blood glucose returns to normal levels.
Fill in the blank: The hormone __________ is produced by the adrenal glands and helps the body respond to stress.
adrenaline
Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
Multiple Choice: Which of the following hormones is involved in regulating metabolism? A) Adrenaline B) Thyroxine C) Insulin D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What effect does adrenaline have on the body?
It increases heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability.
True or False: Hormones can only have one target organ.
False
Name a hormone that helps regulate the menstrual cycle.
Estrogen
What is the role of testosterone in the human body?
It promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
Fill in the blank: The hormone __________ is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid gland.
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Describe how glucagon regulates blood glucose levels
If the blood glucose level is too low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. This travels to the liver in the blood and causes the break-down of glycogen into glucose. The glucose enters the blood stream and glucose levels increase back to normal.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood? A) Calcitonin B) Parathyroid hormone C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B
True or False: The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
True
What is the primary function of cortisol?
To regulate metabolism and the body’s response to stress.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a hormone released during childbirth that helps with uterine contractions.
Oxytocin
Short answer: How does the feedback mechanism control hormone levels?
It adjusts hormone production based on the body’s needs, maintaining homeostasis.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?
It links the nervous system to the endocrine system and controls the pituitary gland.
Multiple Choice: Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys? A) Aldosterone B) ADH C) Both A and B D) None of the above
B) ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
True or False: Hormones can have different effects on different target cells.
True
What is the function of prolactin?
To stimulate milk production in breastfeeding mothers.
Fill in the blank: The __________ produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels.
pancreas
Multiple Choice: Which hormone is released in response to low blood sugar? A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Cortisol D) Both B and C
D) Both B and C
