Hormones Flashcards
What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?
A.D.H
What hormone does the Thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine
What hormone does the Adrenal Gland produce?
Adrenaline
What hormone does the Pancreas produce?
Insulin and or Glucagon
What hormone does the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen
What hormone does the testes produce?
Testosterone
Describe the process of a high glucose level going back to normal?
•Due to a meal or a snack
1. Insulin travelling into muscle and liver cells
2. Muscle and liver cells absorbing extra glucose
3. Extra glucose stored as glucagon
4. Glucose levels return to normal
Describe the process of a low glucose level going back to normal
•Caused by a lack of food
1. Release of glucagon which target muscle and liver cells
2. Muscle and Liver cells release stored glucose
3. Glucose levels return to normal
What is diabetes?
Lack of or no control of blood glucose levels
What is type 1 diabetes and the solution?
Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
—> Inject insulin before meals
—> Low sugar diet
What is type 2 diabetes and the solution?
Muscle and liver cells no long respond to insulin
—> Low sugar diet
—> Lots of exercise to exert the muscle and use glucose in respiration
What are the risk factors of diabetes?
- Family history
- Lack of Exercise
- Unhealthy eating
- Overweight
What are primary sexual characteristics of men and women
•Menstrual cycle starts
•Testes grow and produce semen
What are secondary sexual characteristics of men and women?
•Breasts develop, hips widen
•Deeper voice, penis grows
What are the 4 main hormones of the menstrual cycle?
LH
Oestrogen
FSH
Progesterone
What are the 5 stages of the menstrual cycle?
- An egg matures in the ovary (FSH)
- The lining of the uterus gets thicker to receive a fertilised egg (Oestrogen)
- The egg is released from the ovary, called ovulation (LH)
- The lining of the uterus is kept thick (Progesterone)
- If there is no fertilised egg, the uterus lining is lost via period or menstruation
What does FSH do?
•caused the egg to mature
•stimulates the ovary to produce oestrogen
What does LH do?
•triggers ovulation
What does oestrogen do?
•lines the uterus
•inhibits the release of FSH
•stimulates the release of LH
What does progesterone do?
•maintains the lining of the uterus
•inhibits the release of both FSH and LH
What are the 5 main choices of contraception and how do they work?
•Contraceptive pill: Has oestrogen to block FSH and progesterone to block LH
•Condom- stops sperm from meeting and fertilising eggs acts as a net
•IUDs - cup placed past the vagina inserted by Doctor acts as a net
•Abstinence- restraint from sex when most likely to get pregnant
•Surgery- cutting of sperm ducts or fallopian tubes
Describe IVF and its cons
•FSH and LH given to stimulate the production of eggs which are collected and mixed in test tube
•Grown in a lab
•26% success rate
•Expensive
•Limited uses on NHS
•Stressful for women- local anaesthetic used
