Hormones

Question 1

What are hormones?

Answer 1

Hormones are chemical messengers produced in minute quantities by glands, transported in the blood to a target organ.

Question 2

Classification of hormones ?

Answer 2

1. Proximity of their site of synthesis to their site of action
2. Chemical structure
3. Solubility in an aqueous medium

Question 3

What are the three classes of hormones based on the proximity of their site of synthesis to their action?

Answer 3

1. Autocrine
2. Paracrine
3. Endocrine

Question 4

What are the classification of hormones based on their chemical structure?

Answer 4

1.Peptide or protein hormones
2. Amino acid derivatives
3. Fatty acid derivatives
4. Steroid hormone derivatives

Question 5

What are the classification of hormones based on their solubility in aqueous medium

Answer 5

1. Lipophilic hormones
2. Hydrophilic hormones

Question 6

Three examples of hydrophilic hormones

Answer 6

1. Insulin
2. Glucagon
3. Epinephrine

Question 7

Example of lipophilic hormones

Answer 7

1. Steroid hormones
2. Thyroid hormones

Question 8

What are peptide hormones?

Answer 8

Peptide hormones are hormones consisting of short chain amino acid

Question 9

What are protein hormones

Answer 9

These are hormones consisting of a longer polypeptide.

Question 10

Examples of protein hormones

Answer 10

Thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH), Insulin and pituitary gonadotropins

Question 11

Examples of amino acid derived hormones ?

Answer 11

Adrenaline, catecholamines and thyroid hormones

Question 12

Example of fatty acid derived hormone ?

Answer 12

Eicosanoid (prostaglandin)

Question 13

Example of steroid hormones

Answer 13

Estradiol, cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone

Question 14

What are hydrophilic hormones

Answer 14

These types of hormones can’t cross the cell membrane, so they bind with receptors on the outer surface of the targeted cell

Question 15

What are lipophilic hormones

Answer 15

Lipophilic hormones are hormones that can easily cross the cell membrane, enter their target cells and bind to intracellular receptors

Question 16

What does FLAT PeG stands for and where are they produced respectively?

Answer 16

F - Follicle Stimulating hormone
L- Leutenizing hormone
A- Adenocorticotropic hormone
T- Thyroid stimulating hormone
P- Prolactin
e- Endorphin
G- Growth hormone

They are produced by the anterior posterior gland

Question 17

What does ANTI OXIdant mean and which gland produces them?

Answer 17

ANTI - Anti-diuretic hormone
OXI - Oxytocin

Question 18

The deeper you go, the sweeter it becomes i.e. salt, sugar, sex. What does this mean and what gland produce them

Answer 18

Salt - aldosterone
Sugar - cortisol
Sex - Aldosterone

Question 19

Pregnancy requires PROgesterone before the DOCtor derives ALDOsterone. What type of hormone does this fall into and what do they mean.

Answer 19

Steroid hormones
PRO - Progesterone
Doc - 11-deoxycorticosterone
ALDO- Aldosterone

Question 20

What are the functions of carrier proteins in the plasma

Answer 20

1. They prevent the destruction of peptide proteins by protease enzyme in the plasma
2. They increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds like thyroid hormones and steroid hormones in the plasma
3. They prevent small hydrophilic amino acid from filtration by the kidney increasing their half life