Hormones Flashcards
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messengers produced in minute quantities by glands, transported in the blood to a target organ.
Classification of hormones ?
- Proximity of their site of synthesis to their site of action
- Chemical structure
- Solubility in an aqueous medium
What are the three classes of hormones based on the proximity of their site of synthesis to their action?
- Autocrine
- Paracrine
- Endocrine
What are the classification of hormones based on their chemical structure?
1.Peptide or protein hormones
2. Amino acid derivatives
3. Fatty acid derivatives
4. Steroid hormone derivatives
What are the classification of hormones based on their solubility in aqueous medium
- Lipophilic hormones
- Hydrophilic hormones
Three examples of hydrophilic hormones
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Epinephrine
Example of lipophilic hormones
- Steroid hormones
- Thyroid hormones
What are peptide hormones?
Peptide hormones are hormones consisting of short chain amino acid
What are protein hormones
These are hormones consisting of a longer polypeptide.
Examples of protein hormones
Thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH), Insulin and pituitary gonadotropins
Examples of amino acid derived hormones ?
Adrenaline, catecholamines and thyroid hormones
Example of fatty acid derived hormone ?
Eicosanoid (prostaglandin)
Example of steroid hormones
Estradiol, cortisol, aldosterone and testosterone
What are hydrophilic hormones
These types of hormones can’t cross the cell membrane, so they bind with receptors on the outer surface of the targeted cell
What are lipophilic hormones
Lipophilic hormones are hormones that can easily cross the cell membrane, enter their target cells and bind to intracellular receptors
What does FLAT PeG stands for and where are they produced respectively?
F - Follicle Stimulating hormone
L- Leutenizing hormone
A- Adenocorticotropic hormone
T- Thyroid stimulating hormone
P- Prolactin
e- Endorphin
G- Growth hormone
They are produced by the anterior posterior gland
What does ANTI OXIdant mean and which gland produces them?
ANTI - Anti-diuretic hormone
OXI - Oxytocin
The deeper you go, the sweeter it becomes i.e. salt, sugar, sex. What does this mean and what gland produce them
Salt - aldosterone
Sugar - cortisol
Sex - Aldosterone
Pregnancy requires PROgesterone before the DOCtor derives ALDOsterone. What type of hormone does this fall into and what do they mean.
Steroid hormones
PRO - Progesterone
Doc - 11-deoxycorticosterone
ALDO- Aldosterone
What are the functions of carrier proteins in the plasma
- They prevent the destruction of peptide proteins by protease enzyme in the plasma
- They increase the solubility of hydrophobic compounds like thyroid hormones and steroid hormones in the plasma
- They prevent small hydrophilic amino acid from filtration by the kidney increasing their half life
