Hormones Flashcards
what is affinity
the ability of a drug to bind to its receptor
what is efficacy
the ability of a drug to activate its receptor
what is competitive antagonism
when the antagonist will act to prevent the agonist from binding
how does endocrine hormones get to its target
through the bloodstream
what does the endocrine do
they synthesize and secrete hormones and pass them directly into the bloodstream
do endocrine cells contain ducts
no
do exocrine contain ducts
yes
what causes hypercortisolism
when the adrenal gland produces excess cortisol
or excess ACTH from the pituitary tumor
what is hypercortisolism also known as
Cushing’s disease
what does Cushing’s disease do
hyperglycemia - too much glucose in blood
what is hypercorticolism
when the adrenal gland produces too little cortisol
what parts make up the adrenal gland
medulla and cortex
what does the adrenal gland do
mediates rapid stress response, electrolyte balance and minor role in development of sexual characteristics
physiological effects of the adrenal gland
fat breakdown, glycogen breakdown, increased cardiac function, increased ventilation
what is the function of the zona reticularis
responsible for the production of androgens
what is the function of the zona fasciculata
responsible for producing glucocorticoids
what is the function of the zona glomerulosa
responsible for the production of aldosterone
steroid hormones are synthesised from …
cholesterol
cortisol is an example of what
glucocorticoids
what steroid hormones does the cortex produce
cortisol, aldosterone and endogens
what is gluconeogenesis
the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
what does cortisol do
it is a long-term mediator of stress response
what is the metabolic function of cortisol
mobilises energy to cope with, adapt to or escape from stress
where does the conversion of low affinity androgens to the high affinity androgens take place
in non-adrenal tissue
aldosterone is an example of what
mineralocorticoids
what do mineralocorticoids do
regulate minerals
mineralocorticoids receptors are what type of receptors
steroid receptors
what does angiotensin II do
binds to receptors on the zona glomerulosa and stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to aldosterone and other mineralocorticoids
what enzyme is used to convert angiotensin I into angiotensin II
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
what does IGF-1 stimulates
it stimulates chondrocyte proliferation
what does GH stimulate
cell maturation and IGF-1 production
how does TH help GH
stimulates GH receptor expression
