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A&P2: Endocrine system > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Name the (5) types of hormones.

A
  1. Amines
  2. Steroids
  3. Peptide
  4. Protein
  5. Glycoprotein
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2
Q

Name the steroid hormones.

A
  1. Testosterone
  2. Estrogen
    3.Aldosterone
  3. Cortisol (cortisone)
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3
Q

Where are releasing hormones produced and stored?

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Which gland is assessed by injecting a patient with radioactive iodine?

A

Thyroid gland

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5
Q

What does the hormone calcitonin do?

A

Regulates blood calcium and phosphate ion concentrations

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6
Q

What hormone directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin?

A

Parathyroid

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7
Q

What gland is calcitonin produced and stored in?

A

Parafollicular cells (C cells) stored in the thyroid gland

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8
Q

Which organ produces a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells? What is the name of that hormone?

A

The Kidney produces a hormone called erythropoietin that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

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9
Q

Name the hormones, with their abbreviations, released by the anterior pituitary gland.

A

Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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10
Q

Pancreatic Hormones

A

Glucagon
Insulin
Somatostatin

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11
Q

Glucagon’s function

A

which is similar to the hypothalamic hormone and may help regulate glucose metabolism by inhibiting the secretion of glucagon and insulin.

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12
Q

Insulin function

A

which is also a protein that stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose and inhibits the conversion of noncarbohydrates into glucose.

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13
Q

Somatostatin function

A
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14
Q

Describe where the hypophyseal portal system is located and what function it serves.

A

Pituitary gland (anterior lobe)

Hypothalamic releasing hormones are secreted into the hypophyseal portal system and stimulate cells of the anterior lobe to release “stimulating” hormones.

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15
Q

Where is ADH stored? What two effects does it have on the body?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. ADH is responsible for vasoconstriction and water retention in the body.

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16
Q

Where is aldosterone formed?

A

It is formed in the outer zone of the adrenal cortex called zona glomerulosa

17
Q

What hormone from the anterior pituitary influences aldosterone formation?

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

18
Q

What hormone causes its release from the adrenal cortex?

A

Angiotensin II

19
Q

How does aldosterone influence Na+ concentrations in the renal tubules?

A

Causing the kidneys to conserve sodium ions and excrete potassium ions.

20
Q

What effect does aldosterone have on blood pressure?

A

In conserving sodium ions, aldosterone indirectly retains water by osmosis. This increases blood volume, and therefore increases blood pressure

21
Q

Where is insulin produced, specifically?

A

Pancreatic beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans

22
Q

Distinguish between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.

A

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) refers to abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood, while hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) indicates low levels of glucose in the blood.

23
Q

Where is glucagon produced?

A

Pancreatic alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans.

24
Q

Which one takes glucose out of the blood?

A

Insulin

25
Q

Which one puts glucose into the blood?

A

Glucagon

26
Q

What is glycogen, and which of those two hormones act on glycogen?

A

Glycogen is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, with a small amount in the brain. Insulin is the hormone that acts on glycogen.

27
Q

Other than the gonads, the testicles, and the ovaries, where are sex hormones produced?

A

The inner zone of the adrenal cortex which is also known as zona reticularis.

28
Q

List the following properties of hormones:

  1. how they travel to their target glands
  2. duration of action compared to the nervous system
  3. state the (5) compounds hormones can be
A
  1. These hormones secreted by Endocrine glands travel to their target glands through the bloodstream.
  2. The duration of action of the Endocrine system compared to that of the Nervous system could be brief or long-lasting. They could last for days even if secretion ceases.
  3. Amines, Peptides, Proteins, Glycoproteins, Steroids and Steroid-like.

A&P2: Endocrine system (3 decks)

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