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PLBI 403 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the name of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway? What are the intermediate

A

Yang Cycle

ACC

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2
Q

What inhibits ethylene synthesis

A

AOA, AVG

CO2, temps greater than 35C

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3
Q

What promotes ethylene synthesis

A

Fruit ripening, flower senescence, IAA, wounding, ripening,

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4
Q

What enyzmes are involved with the Yang cycle

A

ACC synthase, ACC oxidase

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5
Q

What does ACC stand for

A

1-aminocyclopropane- 1-carboxylic acid (ACC)

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6
Q

What is veraison

A

Onset of ripening in grapevine

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7
Q

What is the difference between climacteric fruits and non-climacteric fruit

A

Climacteric fruits sensitively respond to the externally applied ethylene (this is due to autocatalytic effect)

Non-climateric fruits do not show this and are difficult to control ripening

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8
Q

Describe the climacteric fruit ripening graph

A

Cliamacteric fruits show a steady respiration rise before the ripening and then shows a spike of ethylene production immediately before the respiratory rise

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9
Q

What is the cotyledon

A

An embryonic leaf of seed bearing plants

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10
Q

What is the hypocotyl

A

The part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the cotyledon

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11
Q

What is etiolation

A

process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light

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12
Q

What is abscission

A

shedding of various parts of an organism, such as a plant dropping a leaf, fruit, flower or seed

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13
Q

Where is ABA synthesized

A

Chloroplast

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14
Q

What are the roles of brassinolides

A

Cell elongation, skotomorphogenesis, germination, leaf senenscence

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15
Q

What is fasciation

A

abnormal growth of plant tissues. An abnormal occurrence of apical meristems facilitate the cell growth perpendicularly to the direction of main stem (or root)

Bacteria and fungi can produce some cytokinin-like compounds often cause fasciation in plants

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16
Q

What is parthenocarpy

A

Fruit develops without fertilization

17
Q

What does A.tumefaciens do

A

It can infect wounded tissues and alter plant cells to form tumour-like tissue called gall.
Infected plant cells continue to divide throughout the life-cycle of the plants

18
Q

High auxin lead to ___ growth, high cytokinin leads to ___ growth. Intermediate levels leaf to ___ formation.

A

Auxin -> root
Cytokinin -> shoot
Intermediate levels lead to callus formation

19
Q

What is stenospermocarpy

A

Pollination triggers fruit development but the ovules or embryos abort without producing mature seeds

20
Q

What is kinase do and what does phosphatase do

A

Kinase -> adds phosphates

Phosphatase -> removes phosphates

21
Q

Prokaryotic two component system are composed of ___ + ___.

A

Sensor protein and response protein

22
Q

Which domain is phosphorylated in the two-component system

A

The transmitter domain of the sensor protein and the receiver domain of the response regulator protein

23
Q

What is lodging

A

It is the major cause of crop loss
Lodging is a bending of stems to the ground due to the weight of water collecting on the ripened heads. Harvesting becomes difficult

24
Q

How is lodging overcome

A

By shorter inter-node
or shorter and thicker stems
A number of chemical inhibitors that block the biosynthesis of GA have been developed and used for greenhouse and for wheat

25
Q

Where is brassinosteroid synthesized

A

Cytosol

26
Q

ABA is dormancy ___

GA is dormancy _____.

A

Inducing

breaking

27
Q

Which isoprenoid are synthesized in the chloroplast

A

C10, C20 and C40

28
Q

Which isoprenoid are synthesized in the cytosol?

A

C15 and C30

29
Q

Where is zeatin synthesized and what type of hormone is it?

A

Chloroplast

It is a dominance cytokinin in plant

30
Q

Which amino acids is octopine derived from

A

Arginine and alanine

31
Q

What is the full name for the E1 enzyme? And for the E2 enzyme?

A

E1 is the ubiquitin-activation enzyme

E2 is the ubiquitin conjugation enzyme

32
Q

What are the two components that are similar to cytokinin in structure?

A

Kinetin (herring sperm)
Zeatin (immature maize endosperm)

Both have an adenine derivative

PLBI 403 (5 decks)

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