Hormone use and abuse in sports Flashcards
WADA
world anti doping agency
prohibited substances
- anabolic agents
- peptide hormones, growth factor and related substances and memetic
- beta-2 agonists
- hormone and metabolic modulators
- diuretics
- masking agents
why are dieuretics used
short term weight loss
which sports is beta 2 agonist popular in
cycling
prohibited methods
- manipulation of blood & components
- chemical and physical
- gene doping
substances and methods prohibited in competition
- stimulants
- narcotics
- cannabinoids
- glucocorticoids
substances prohibited in particular sports
- alcohol in snooker
- beta blockers in shooting
- narcotics
- cannabinoids
- glucocorticoids
TUEs
therapeutic exemption certificates
e.g lots of cyclists seem to have been prescribed beta agonists and formally declared to have asthma, for bonafide reasons
what supplement is curet under questioning for it s administration and dosage
L-carnitine
L-carnitine
- involved in mitochondrial FA translocation
- during high intensity exercise, formation of acetylcarnitine is essential for maintenance of a viable pool of free co-enzyme A
- this enables PDC & TCA flux to continue
what is the legal asthma drug, found to have been taken at 2 times the allowed level by chris froome
Beta 2 agonist
doping for strength and power training target
muscle mass
doping for endurance training target
aerobic metabolism
three key drugs for doping
- testosterone
- growth hormone
- erythropoietin
what is focus of body building
aesthetics not function and strength
what axis is critical in muscle growth and developemet
GH - IGF1 axis
GH stimulates release of IGFI from the liver.
Muscle takes up IGF1, releases IGF1 and self produces IGF1
effect of IGF1 on muscle
- causes proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells
- stimulates MPS
- inhibits MPB
what does direct infusion of IGF1 do to mice muscles
- causes growth
- has insulin like properties
rhGH
recombinant human growth hormone
effects of rhGH
is it anabolic?
- increases circulating IGF1
- doesn’t increase MPS over and above resistance training
studies show its not anabolic ^
however shown to strengthen connective tissue structure and tendons hence prohibited
why is rhGH prohibited
shown to have little to no anabolic effects BUT
- doesn’t effect MPS
- shown to effect CPS
- found in tendons
= strengthens connective tissues structure and tendons which means less injury
what strengthens connective tissues structure and tendons which means less injury
rhGH
CPS
collagen protein synthesis
anabolic-androgenic steroid
testosterone derivatives