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Physiology HM > Hormone of GIT > Flashcards

Hormone of GIT Flashcards

1
Q

Secreted by P/D1 cells in the gastric fundus

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Ghrelin

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2
Q

Increase gastric acid secretion (H2)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Histamine

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3
Q

Increase HCL secretion by gastric parietal cells

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Gastrin

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4
Q

Secreted by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of stomach and intestines

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Histamine

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5
Q

Stimulus for fasting, starvation and anorexia

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Ghrelin

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6
Q

Secreted by G cells in the gastric antrum and by a few cells in the duodenum

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Gastrin

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7
Q

Stimulus for proteins, peptides, amino acids and high gastric pH (alkalinity)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Gastrin

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8
Q

Stimulus for increase ECL cells and acetylcholie (parasympathetic)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Histamine

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9
Q

Increase growth of gastric mucosa

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

gastrin

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10
Q

Produces weight gain

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Ghrelin

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11
Q

Increase growth hormone secretion

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Ghrelin

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12
Q

secreted by D cells in the pancreas , aslo found in SI

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Somatostatin

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13
Q

Decreases gastric secretion and motility

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

SOmatostatin

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14
Q

Decreases pancreatic secretion

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Somatostatin

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15
Q

The only hormone that signals hunger

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Ghrelin

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16
Q

Consider a true hormone, its functions not only for digestion but also reaches other organs as far as the lungs via the bloodstream

17
Q

At cephalic phase, this hormone release is stimulated by increased parasympathetic activity ( sight , smell and taste of food)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
18
Q

What phase of gastric secretion is when the stimuli of gastric release is indirectly short and long reflexes from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

gastric phase
cephalic phase

A

gastric phase

19
Q

Match the hormone to secretion

Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

 secreted by: I cells found mostly at proximal 2/3 of the SI
 secreted by: K cells at the duodenum and proximal jejunum
 Secreted by: neural cells of ENS, including parasympathetics
 secreted by: S cells which are abundant in the duodenum
 secreted by: endocrine cells in duodenum
 Secreted by: L cells of the distal GIT (ileum and colon)

A

Secretin
 secreted by: S cells which are abundant in the duodenum

Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
 secreted by: I cells found mostly at proximal 2/3 of the SI

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 secreted by: K cells at the duodenum and proximal jejunum

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
 Secreted by: neural cells of ENS, including parasympathetics

Motilin
 secreted by: endocrine cells in duodenum

Glucagon-like Polypeptide (GLP-1)
 Secreted by: L cells of the distal GIT (ileum and colon)

20
Q

Match the Hormone to Stimulus

Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

 stimulus: decreased pH in upper small intestines
presence of amino acids
protein products of digestion
 stimulus: fat and protein digestion products
 stimulus: food, fat and glucose in duodenum
 stimulus: periodic and recurrent pattern synchronized with MMC (it is not stimulated by eating)

A

Secretin
 stimulus: decreased pH in upper small intestines
presence of amino acids
protein products of digestion

Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
 stimulus: fat and protein digestion products

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 stimulus: food, fat and glucose in duodenum

Motilin
 stimulus: periodic and recurrent pattern synchronized with MMC (it is not stimulated by eating)

21
Q

Match the Hormone to Effect

Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 effects: regulate phase III contractions
propulsive effect on smooth muscle of the gut
 Effects: decreases gastric emptying
 effects: decreased gastric emptying
increases gallbladder contraction
increases pancreatic enzymes and HCO3-
increases enterokinase secretion
 Effects: increases intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion
increases smooth muscle relaxation
decreases gastric acid secretion
dilation of peripheral blood vessels
 effects: increases pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion
decreases gastric emptying
decreases gastric acid secretion
decrease gastrin secretion
 effects: increases insulin secretion
increases triglyceride storage
decreases gastric motility (high doses)
A 
Secretin
 effects: increases pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion
decreases gastric emptying
decreases gastric acid secretion
decrease gastrin secretion
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
 effects: decreased gastric emptying
increases gallbladder contraction
increases pancreatic enzymes and HCO3-
increases enterokinase secretion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 effects: increases insulin secretion
increases triglyceride storage
decreases gastric motility (high doses)

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
 Effects: increases intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion
increases smooth muscle relaxation
decreases gastric acid secretion
dilation of peripheral blood vessels

Motilin
 effects: regulate phase III contractions
propulsive effect on smooth muscle of the gut

Glucagon-like Polypeptide (GLP-1)
 Effects: decreases gastric emptying

22
Q

Match Pancreatic Peptide family to its function and location

NPY
PP
PYY

 Stimulates food intake
 Inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion, gallbladder contraction and gut motility
 Inhibits vagally-stimulated gastric acid and other motor and secretory functions

 From PP cells in pancreas
 From enteroendocrine cells > in ileum and colon
 Neurotransmitter in ENS

A

PP
 From PP cells in pancreas
 Inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion, gallbladder contraction and gut motility
NPY
 Neurotransmitter in ENS
 Stimulates food intake
PYY
 From enteroendocrine cells > in ileum and colon
 Inhibits vagally-stimulated gastric acid and other motor and secretory functions

23
Q

Stimulus: products of digestion and bile

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

somatostatin

24
Q

All are found in the Stomach except for what, which is found where?

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
A

Somatostatin - pancreas

25
Q

Match Hormone and Organs

Stomach
Small Intestines
Pancreas

CCK-PZ
Gastrin
GLP-1
GIP
Ghrelin
Histamine
Leptins
Motilin
Secretin
Somastatin
VIP
A

Stomach
Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin

Pancreas
Somastatin

Other Hormone of the Intestines
Leptins

Small Intestines
Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
26
Q

Usually secreted by adipocytes when they’re full

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins
27
Q

Match Hormone and Function: some choices are repeated

Guanylin
Leptin
Tachykinin
Serotonin
Substance P
Uroguanylin
  • increase fluid secretion
  • reduces food intake
  • modulates intestinal motility, sensation and secretion
  • mediate neuropathic inflammation
A

Substance P & Tachykinin

  • Substance P is a neurotransmitter;
  • Mediate neuropathic inflammation

Serotonin
- Modulates intestinal motility, sensation, and secretion

Guanylin & Uroguanylin
- Increase fluid secretion

Leptin
- Reduces food intake

28
Q

Match Hormone and Source

Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
GIP
Somatostatin
VIP 
Motilin 
gallbladder
Small intestines
stomach (antrum)
pancreatic islets 
GI mucosa
duodenum
jejunum
parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters,
A

Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum)
CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum
Secretin - S cells: duodenum
GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum
Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa
VIP - parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI
Motilin - Small intestines

29
Q

Match Hormone/Source with ACTION

  • Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum)
  • CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum
  • Secretin - S cells: duodenum
  • GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum
  • Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa
  • Nitric oxide
  • Motilin Small intestine
(++) stomach motility and acid
(++) growth of gastric mucosa
(++) pancreatic enzymes
(++) contraction of gallbladder
(--) stomach motility
(++) HCO3 
(--) stomach acid and bile secretion 
(++) insulin
(--) stomach acid
(--) stomach acid, pancreatic enzymes and HCO3
(--) pepsinogen, insulin, glucagon
(--) stomach and intestinal motility
Relaxes LES
(++) intestinal motility and fluid secretion 
(++) intestinal motility
(++) MMCs
A

Gastrin G cells: stomach (antrum)
(++) stomach motility and acid
(++) growth of gastric mucosa

CCK - I cells: duodenum, jejunum
(++) pancreatic enzymes
(++) contraction of gallbladder
(–) stomach motility

Secretin - S cells: duodenum
(++) HCO3
(–) stomach acid and bile secretion

GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum
(++) insulin
(–) stomach acid

Somatostatin D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa
(–) stomach acid, pancreatic enzymes and HCO3
(–) pepsinogen, insulin, glucagon

Nitric oxide
(–) stomach and intestinal motility
Relaxes LES

VIP Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI
(++) intestinal motility and fluid secretion

Motilin Small intestine
(++) intestinal motility
(++) MMCs

30
Q

Match Hormone and Cell and Source

Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
GIP 
Somatostatin 
D cells
G cells
I cells
K cells
S cells
A 
Gastrin - G cells:
CCK - I cells
Secretin - S cells
GIP - K cells: 
Somatostatin - D cells
31
Q

Match cell and organs, can use multiple per cell rgans

G cells
D cells
I cells
S cells
K cells
stomach (antrum)
pancreatic islets
GI mucosa
duodenum
jejunum
A 
Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum)
CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum
Secretin - S cells: duodenum
GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum
Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa
32
Q

Match Hormone/Source with Response

  • Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum)
  • CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum
  • Secretin - S cells: duodenum
  • GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum
  • Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa
  • Motilin Small intestine
(++) stomach distension, amino acids (AA), vagal stimulation
(--) acidity
(++) Fatty acids (FA), AA
(++) acidity, FA
(++) glucose, FA, AA 
(++) acidity 
(--) vagal stimulation
(++) stomach distension, vagal stimulation
(++) fasting
A

Gastrin G cells: stomach (antrum)
(++) stomach distension, amino acids (AA), vagal stimulation
(–) acidity

CCK - I cells: duodenum, jejunum
(++) Fatty acids (FA), AA

Secretin - S cells: duodenum
(++) acidity, FA

GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum
(++) glucose, FA, AA

Somatostatin D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa
(++) acidity
(–) vagal stimulation

VIP Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI
(++) stomach distension, vagal stimulation

Motilin Small intestine
(++) fasting

Physiology HM (5 decks)

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