Hormone Cue Card Assignment

Question 1

What does the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) do, where is it secreted?

Answer 1

It triggers growth with cartilage, bones, muscles, organs. Particularly, the growth plates at the end of bones.

It speeds up protein synthesis and stimulates the conversion of fats to sugars to provide energy for growth.

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 2

What disease is caused by excess hGH in childhood?

Answer 2

Giantism.

Question 3

What causes Acromegaly

Answer 3

Excess hGH after full maturity.

Question 4

What causes Pituitary Dwarfism

Answer 4

Insufficient hGH in childhood.

Question 5

What does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) do, where is it secreted?

Answer 5

It stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone: thyroxin.

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 6

What does Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 6

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

It stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticoid hormones.

Question 7

What does Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 7

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

It stimulates the production of melanin in the adrenal gland.

Question 8

What does Follicle Stimulating Hormones(FSH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 8

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

In females, it stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries.

I males, it triggers the development of seminiferous tubules and maturation of sperm.

Question 9

What does Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 9

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

In females it stimulates ovulation and the development of capus luteum which produces progesterone.

In males it causes the production of testosterone.

Question 10

What does Prolactin (PRL) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 10

It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.

Question 11

What does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 11

It is secreted by the hypothalamus and passed down to the posterior pituitary gland as needed.

It stimulates the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to reabsorb more water. It also causes contraction of smooth muscle in walls of the blood vessels.

It causes increase in blood pressure and retention of water in the blood.

Question 12

What does Oxytocin do and where is it secreted?

Answer 12

It is secreted by the hypothalamus.

It causes the muscles in the uterus to contract. It allows the release of milk from glands in the breasts.

Question 13

What does Thyroxine do and where is it secreted?

Answer 13

Thyroxin is secreted by the Thyroid gland.

It controls the metabolic rate of body cells. It stimulates oxygen intake by cells, regulates the use and storage of lipids, and increases the absorption of carbohydrates in small intestines.

Question 14

Explain Hypothyroidism. (Both before and after maturity, it’s symptoms, and other names.)

Answer 14

Before maturity it is called Cretinism. It is caused by too little thyroxin, and it causes both mental and physical handicaps due to lower amounts of growth hormone, among others.

After maturity it is called Hypothyroidism. It is also caused by too little thyroxin and causes a slowdown of body functions such as heart rate, apathy, exhaustion, reparation, mental reacts and more.

Question 15

What is Hyperthyroidism and what are the symptoms?

Answer 15

It is caused by the overproduction of thyroxin. It can cause anxiety, insomnia, heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, and weight loss.

Question 16

What is a Goiter and what causes it?

Answer 16

A goiter is the swelling of the thyroid gland due to a lack of iodine.

Question 17

What does Thyroid Releasing Factor (TRF) and where is it secreted?

Answer 17

It is secreted by the hypothalamus.

It stimulates the Pituitary gland to secrete TSH.

Question 18

What does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 18

It is secreted by the pituitary gland.

It stimulates the Thyroid gland to produce thyroxin.

Question 19

What does Calcitonin do and where is it secreted?

Answer 19

It is secreted by the Thyroid gland.

It controls the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. It lowers the excess levels of these in the blood, storing it in bone.

Question 20

What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 20

It is located in the Parathyroid glands (within the Thyroid gland).

It promotes the release of Calcium ions, inhibits absorption of Calcium ions from food, inhibits absorption of Phopsphate in the kindeys, rids the body of excess phosphate, and promotes absorption of calcium in the kindey

Question 21

What does insufficient PTH cause?

Answer 21

Retany, convulsions, death, and enlarged glands.

Question 22

What does over secretion of PTH cause?

Answer 22

Increased calcium ions in the blood; brittle bones.

Question 23

What does Epinephrine (Adrenaline) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 23

It is secreted in the Adrenal Gland.

It stimulates responses to help the body deal with stress. It converts glycogen to glucose causing blood sugar to rise and increasing the metabolic, breathing, and heart rate.

Question 24

What does Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) do and where is it secreted?

Answer 24

It is secreted in the Adrenal Gland.

It increases blood pressure by contraction of arterioles. It speeds up nervous transmissions to assist in muscles contractions.

Question 25

What does Glucocorticoids do and where is it secreted?

Answer 25

It is secreted in the Adrenal Gland.

It helps you recover from stress by providing cells with increased energy. It raises blood sugar and converts fat and protein to sugars and suppresses influence.

Long term high levels of Glucocorticoids can lead to diabetes, increase susceptibility to infection and cause early death.

Question 26

What does Mineralcorticoids do and where is it secreted?

Answer 26

It is secreted in the Adrenal Gland.

It maintains blood pressure, regulates mineral and salt levels in the body fluids.

Question 27

What are Gonadocorticoids and where are they secreted?

Answer 27

They are small amounts of sex hormones that supplement hormones produced by the ovaries and testes.

They are secreted in the adrenal gland.

Question 28

What is Tymosin and where is it secreted?

Answer 28

It is a hormone produced by the Thymus gland that stimulates the lymphatic tissue to release more white blood cells.

Question 29

What does Insulin do and where is it secreted?

Answer 29

Insulin is secreted by the beta cells in the Pancreas.

It is triggered by glucose receptors on the plasma membrane when blood sugar levels are high. It causes the liver and muscles cells to absorb sugar for use and storage. It lovers the glucose levels in the blood. It converts glucose to glycogen and fat.

Question 30

What does Glucagon do and where is it secreted?

Answer 30

Glucagone is secreted by the alpha cells in the pancreas.

It is stimulated by the liver after fasting to release some of it’s stored fat. It converts glucagone into glucose. It raises blood sugar levels. It prevents insulin from lowering blood sugars to dangerous levels and causes fat and protein breakdown.