Hormone Cue Card Assignment Flashcards
What does the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) do, where is it secreted?
It triggers growth with cartilage, bones, muscles, organs. Particularly, the growth plates at the end of bones.
It speeds up protein synthesis and stimulates the conversion of fats to sugars to provide energy for growth.
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
What disease is caused by excess hGH in childhood?
Giantism.
What causes Acromegaly
Excess hGH after full maturity.
What causes Pituitary Dwarfism
Insufficient hGH in childhood.
What does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) do, where is it secreted?
It stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone: thyroxin.
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
What does Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
It stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticoid hormones.
What does Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
It stimulates the production of melanin in the adrenal gland.
What does Follicle Stimulating Hormones(FSH) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
In females, it stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries.
I males, it triggers the development of seminiferous tubules and maturation of sperm.
What does Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
In females it stimulates ovulation and the development of capus luteum which produces progesterone.
In males it causes the production of testosterone.
What does Prolactin (PRL) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
It stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands.
What does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the hypothalamus and passed down to the posterior pituitary gland as needed.
It stimulates the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron to reabsorb more water. It also causes contraction of smooth muscle in walls of the blood vessels.
It causes increase in blood pressure and retention of water in the blood.
What does Oxytocin do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the hypothalamus.
It causes the muscles in the uterus to contract. It allows the release of milk from glands in the breasts.
What does Thyroxine do and where is it secreted?
Thyroxin is secreted by the Thyroid gland.
It controls the metabolic rate of body cells. It stimulates oxygen intake by cells, regulates the use and storage of lipids, and increases the absorption of carbohydrates in small intestines.
Explain Hypothyroidism. (Both before and after maturity, it’s symptoms, and other names.)
Before maturity it is called Cretinism. It is caused by too little thyroxin, and it causes both mental and physical handicaps due to lower amounts of growth hormone, among others.
After maturity it is called Hypothyroidism. It is also caused by too little thyroxin and causes a slowdown of body functions such as heart rate, apathy, exhaustion, reparation, mental reacts and more.
What is Hyperthyroidism and what are the symptoms?
It is caused by the overproduction of thyroxin. It can cause anxiety, insomnia, heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, and weight loss.
What is a Goiter and what causes it?
A goiter is the swelling of the thyroid gland due to a lack of iodine.
What does Thyroid Releasing Factor (TRF) and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the hypothalamus.
It stimulates the Pituitary gland to secrete TSH.
What does Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the pituitary gland.
It stimulates the Thyroid gland to produce thyroxin.
What does Calcitonin do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted by the Thyroid gland.
It controls the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. It lowers the excess levels of these in the blood, storing it in bone.
What does Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) do and where is it secreted?
It is located in the Parathyroid glands (within the Thyroid gland).
It promotes the release of Calcium ions, inhibits absorption of Calcium ions from food, inhibits absorption of Phopsphate in the kindeys, rids the body of excess phosphate, and promotes absorption of calcium in the kindey
What does insufficient PTH cause?
Retany, convulsions, death, and enlarged glands.
What does over secretion of PTH cause?
Increased calcium ions in the blood; brittle bones.
What does Epinephrine (Adrenaline) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted in the Adrenal Gland.
It stimulates responses to help the body deal with stress. It converts glycogen to glucose causing blood sugar to rise and increasing the metabolic, breathing, and heart rate.
What does Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) do and where is it secreted?
It is secreted in the Adrenal Gland.
It increases blood pressure by contraction of arterioles. It speeds up nervous transmissions to assist in muscles contractions.
