Hormone Flashcards
What does growth hormone (GH) do? How does it have an effect?
Stimulates bone and muscle growth through IGF’s. Has Anti-insulin effects-this means GH will increase blood glucose levels
What hormones are released from the hypothalamus?
GH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH&ICSH, and PRL
How does PTH increase blood calcium levels?
Breaks down bone, increase Ca+ absorption in small intestine, increase Ca+ reabsorption at kidneys
What is synergism?
2 hormones having the same effect
What is Antagonism?
2 hormones having the opposite effect
What is Permissiveness?
1 hormone is needed for another hormone to have an effect
Name the tropic hormones
TSH ACTH FSH LH
Hormones are systemic. T or F
TRUE
Amino acids have to be bound to protein and are fat soluable. T or F
False. Amino acids are water soluable and can be transported freely in blood
What does alpha & beta mean in the endorcrine system?
Alpha-glucagonBeta-insulin
The posterior pituitary regulates which 2 hormones?
Oxytocin & Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH)
Prolactin secretes the mothers milk. T or F
False. PROlactin PROduces the milk. Oxytocin secretes the milk
What is the function of the ADH?
reabsorp water from kidneys-this prevents dehydration
What is a tropic hormone?
A hormone that acts on other endocrine glands
What are amino acid based hormones?
act indirectly through second messengers, have receptors on the cell membrane, transported freely in blood
What are steroid hormones?
Hormones that directly activate the genes or DNA, have intracellular receptors, have to be bound to a protein to be transported in the blood
Thyroid hormone acts like a steroid. T or F
True. Thyroid hormone stimulates production of T3 & T4
What is the hypophyseal portal system?
a set of vessels (arteries and capillaries) that carry blood and regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis, where the target cells of the releasing hormones are located
What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract?
a tract of unmyelinated nerves connecting the hypothalamus and the hypophysis
How are hormones removed from the body?
enzymes, liver enzymes, excreted in the urine
Humoral stimulation
Hormones released in response to ions (Na+,Ca+,K+) or nutrients(glucose)
Neural stimulation
Hormones released in response to nervous stimulation(sympathetic stimulating the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine)
Hormonal stimulation
one hormone stimulates the release of another hormone (TSH from the anterior pit stimulates the rlease of T3 T4 from thyroid
The nervous system can override the endocrine system. T or F.
TRUE
What are the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) hormones and how are they regulated?
GH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH & ICSH(males), PRL and all regulated by the hypothalamus
When do you get insulin/glucagon release?
Insulin-produced by BETA cells when blood glucose is high in islets of LangerhansGlucagon- produced by ALPHA cells when blood glucose is low in Islets of Langerhans
Calcitonin/PTH
Calcitonin is produced by Parafollicular cells when blood ca+ is too HIGH. PTH increase Ca+ by breaking down bone, increase Ca+ absorption small intestine, and reabsorption in kidneys
UP/DOWN regulation
UP regulation is Positive feedback-high levels of hormones stimulate PRODUCTION of more receptorsDOWN regulation is Negative feedback-high levels of hormones cause a REDUCTION of receptors
Define hormone
A chemical substance secreted by cells in extracellular fluids into bloodstream
What does Aldosterone do?
Produced in Zone Glomerulosa. Increase sodium levels by reabsorbing at the kidneys
What kind of hormone is aldosterone and cortisol?
Corticosteroids
Which hormones are steroid based?
gonadal, adrenocortical
Corticosteroids are produced in the zones of the adrenal cortex. T or F
TRUE
ADH and OXYTOCIN
ADH(antidiuretic hormone) reabsorb water from kidneys, Oxytocin-causes uterine contractions and milk let down
What type of tissue is anterior/posterior pituitary?
Anterior-gladularPosterior- neural
