Hormone 2 Flashcards
which gland is on top of the kidneys?
The Adrenal glands on top of these organs.
What are the 2 subdivisions of the Adrenal glands?
The cortex and the medulla are the subdivisions of these glands.
Where is the cortex of the Adrenal gland?
The outer layer of the adrenal gland is called this.
Where is the medulla of the Adrenal gland?
The inner layer of the adrenal gland is called this.
Which system stimulates the medulla of the adrenal gland?
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) stimulates this part.
Which hormones does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted here.
What general response comes from adrenaline noradrenaline?
The fight/flight response is stimulated by these 2 hormones.
How does adrenaline increase blood pressure?
Vasoconstriction increases this.
What is the rate of adrenaline?
Short and rapid is this.
What does adrenaline stimulate?
Glucose production is stimulated by this.
Examples of targets for adrenaline are ….
The heart and circulation are examples of this.
The actions (7) of adrenaline are …
- increased HR
- decrease of blood to the skin and digestive system
- Increase of muscular-skeletal system
- increased breathing
- pupils widen
- erect hair (look bigger)
- stimulates glucose into cells.
Where is the adrenal cortex?
the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
What stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce hormones?
ACTH stimulates this.
What does ACTH stand for?
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is abbreviated as this.
What is ACTH produced and excreted from?
The anterior pituitary gland secretes this hormone targeted at the adrenal cortex.
What is the comparative rate of hormone secretion from the cortex to the medulla?
The cortex hormone secretion rate is slower than the medulla.
Which steroid hormones (3) are controlled by ACTH?
- Mineral-corticoids
- Gluco-corticoids
- Gonad-corticoids
Give an example of a mineralocorticoid.
Aldosterone is this type of hormone.
What does aldosterone promote?
This hormone promotes:
1. sodium reabsorption
2. potassium excretion
Which part of the kidney is targeted by aldosterone?
The renal tubes.
Explain the homeostatic regulation which aldosterone is part of.
Negative feedback. Low salt (sodium) levels in plasma, decreased blood volume, hormone-stimulated, stimulation of renal sodium (and water) uptake, correction of disturbance.
The sex or gonad hormones are produced by which part of the adrenal gland?
The cortex.
Name 3 sex or gonad hormones.
- oestrogen
- testosterone
- androgens
Sex hormones do not regulate but effect what?
The reproductive tracts.
What effects do androgens have?
pleasure and hair growth are the effects of this hormone.
What is the permissive effect?
One hormone enhancing the action of another hormone is this effect.
What are the 3 permissive net effects of glucocorticoid hormones?
- enhancing adrenaline
- stimulates RBC production
- reduce inflammation
which glucocorticoid is related to regulating the immune response?
Corticosterone (hydrocortisone) is associated with that response.
What are the net effects (3) of cortisol?
- maintain glycogen storage in the liver (ready for use)
- increase plasma glucose (for cell use)
- free fatty acids in plasma (for cell use)
Why are glucocorticoid hormones referred to as the stress hormones?
Their actions are particularly needed for dealing with stressful situations such as increased physical activity and trauma.
What are the actions (5) of cortisol?
- promote the breakdown of skeletal muscle
- synthesis of glucose from amino acids
- mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue (body fat)
- production of glycogen from synthesized glucose in the liver.
- inhibit the uptake of glucose from several tissues.
which homeostatic regulation are glucocorticoids for?
Corticotropin from the anterior pituitary gland.
