Hormonal response to exercise

Question 1

Define neuroendocrinology

Answer 1

interdependence between the nervous and endocrine systems to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

Difference in hormone delivery between endocrine and nervous system

Answer 2

Endocrine: releases hormones into the blood to circulate to tissues
Nerves: use neurotransmitters to relay messages from nerve-nerve or nerve-tissue.

Question 3

What allows a hormone to exert an effect?

Answer 3

binding to a specific protein receptor that allows the hormone to exert its effect

Question 4

What does hormone concentration in plasma depend on?

Answer 4

1. rate of secretion of hormone from the endocrine gland
2. rate of metabolism or excretion of the hormone
3. the quantity of transport protein
4. changes in plasma volume

Question 5

What does the rate of hormone secretion depend on?

Answer 5

magnitude of input and if it is stimulatory or inhibitory in nature

Question 6

T/F elevatiosn of plasma glucose and amino acids decrease insulin secretion, and increase in sympathetic nervous system activation increases insulin secretion?

Answer 6

False, opposite

Question 7

Incretins

Answer 7

Hormone group that is secreted by endocrine cells in GI tract where food is being ingested; ancipate/augment the insulin response.

Question 8

What determines increase or decrease of insulin secretion?

Answer 8

magnitude of inhibitory vs excitatory input determines increase/decrease in secretion of insulin.

Question 9

Where does hormone inactivation take place?

Answer 9

Near receptor, in the liver, a major site for hormone metabolism, kidneys

Question 10

Does the rate at which hormones are inactivated or excreted decrease in exercise? Why or why not?

Answer 10

Yes, blood flow to kidneys/liver decreases during exercise. Elevates the plasma hormone level.

Question 11

Define capacity

Answer 11

maximal quantity of hormone that can be bound to transport protein

Question 12

Define affinity

Answer 12

tendency of transport proteins to bind to a hormone.

Question 13

T/F: an increase in the quantity, capacity, or affinity of transport protein would reduce the amount of free hormone and its effect on tissue?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What happens to plasma volume during movement? Why?

Answer 14

Decreases due to movement of water out of the CV system.

Question 15

Mechanisms of hormone action

Answer 15

1. Altering activity of DNA in the nucleus to initiate or suppress the synthesis of a specific protein
2. Activation of special proteins in the cells by second messengers
3. alteration of membrane transport mechanisms