Hormonal coordination in Humans Flashcards
give the name of the bodys coordination system which involves hormones
the endocrine system
what is a hormone
a hormone is a chemical messanger secreted by a gland.it travels in the blood to a target organ , where it causes a response
what type of organ secretes hormones
Glands
which gland controls many other glands in the body
the pituitary gland
why is the pituitary gland considered the -master gland
it secretes a wind range of hormones , some of which may stimulate other endocrine glands
what is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system
.secretes human growth hormone
.stimulates the thyroid gland
.stimulates ovulation and the production of oestrogen in the ovaries
.stimulates the production of sperm and testosterone in the testes
what is the role of the thyroid gland in the endocrine system
secretes the hormone thyroxine- controls metbolism heart rate and body temperature
what is the role of the pancreas in the endocrine system
secretes the hormone insulin- controls blood glucose levels
what is the role of the adrenal gland in the endocrine system
secretes adrenaline- controls the bodys fight or flight response
what is the role of ovaries in the endocrine system
secretes oestragen , which coordinates the menstural cycle and the developtment of female secondary sexual charachteristics
what is the role of the testes in the endocrine system
secrete testosterone , which coordinates the production of sperm and the developtment of male secondary sexual charachteristics
which organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration
the pancrease
how does the pancrease respond when blood glucose levels are to high
the pancrease secretes the hormone insulin, insulin binds to receptors on the liver and muscles ,causing excess glucose to be converted
what is type 1 diabities
. when the pancrease does not produce sufficient insulin to control the blood glucose concentration .
.As a result the blood glucose levels are very high, leading to excessive urination ,tiredness,and weight loss
how can type 1 diabities be treated
. insulin injections before meals
.limiting carbohydrate intake
what is type 2 diabities
.when the bodys cells stop responding to insulin , leading to an uncontrolled blood glucose concentration
.can lead to obesity
how can type 2 diabities be treated
.following a carefully controlled diet
.doing regular exercise
.losing weight
.use of drugs which increase insulin production
what is the function of reproductive hormones during puberty
males- cause the devloptment of secondary sexual charachteristics
females-cause the developtment of secondary sexual charachteristics and the maturation of eggs
what is the main male reproductive hormone
. testestorone
-which is produced by the testes and controls sperm production
what is the main female reproductive hormone
Oestrogen
-which is produced by the ovaries and is involved in the menstrual cycle
what is the menstrual cycle
monthly cycle of physciological changes that occur in females,involving the shedding of the uterus lining
describe the events of the menstrual cycle
- uterus lining thickens and eggs begin to mature in ovaries
- An egg is released from one of the ovaries
3.if the egg is fertilised pregnancy may occur,if not both the egg and uterus lining are shed during menstration
what is ovulation
the release of a mature egg from the ovaries,which occurd approximately every 28days
name the four main hormones involved in the menstrual cycle
.oestrogen and progestorone - maintaining the uterus lining
.follicle stimulating hormone - causes maturation of the egg in the ovary.
.luetinising hormone-stimulates the release of the egg
what is contraception
contraception refers to any methods of preventing pregnancy
what are the two types of oral contraceptives
.combined contraceptive pill
.mini pill
how does the contraceptive pill prevent pregnancy
.eggs do not mature
.prevents the developtment of the uterus lining
.increases the thickness of cervical mucus
what is the contraceptive patch
. contains both oestrogen and progestorone
. it is patch that is placed onto the skin for 7 days
what is the contraceptive implant
a small rod inserted under the skin which countinuasly releases the hormone progestorone- lasts for 3 years
what is the contraceptive injection
an injection containing the hormone progestorone , lasts for 3 months
what is the IUD
small copper containing device inserted into the uterus, which prevents the implantation of embryos
what is a spermicide
a chemical that kills sperm cells
what is a barrier method of contraception
.condoms
.Diaphrams
what surgical methods of contraception are available
males- sperm ducts are tied , vasectomy
females- oviducts are tied
what is abstinence
the practice of not having sex , which also avoids pregnancy
