Hormonal communication

Question 1

Gland

Answer 1

A group of cells which produce and secrete a particular substance

Question 2

Exocrine gland

Answer 2

Secrete molecules which are not hormones into a tube or duct

Question 3

Endocrine gland

Answer 3

Secrete hormones directly into blood

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Released by endocrine glands directly into blood, act as chemical messenger, carry signal to specific target tissues, gradually broken down by the liver

Question 5

Target tissues

Answer 5

Made up of cells which possess a specific receptor in their plasma membrane. Complementary shape

Question 6

How do steroid hormones work?

Answer 6

Also known as lipid soluble. Pass through the cell surface membrane, enter the cell and binds to receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus.
Switches on or inhibits the transcription of genes.

Question 7

Protein hormones works?

Answer 7

Cannot pass through cell surface membrane.
Don’t enter the cell.
Instead bind to receptors on the cell surface membrane.
Second messengers are activated.

Question 8

How does adrenaline work?

Answer 8

Adrenaline (first messenger) binds to receptor with complementary shape.
Binding activates adenyl Cyclase enzyme.
Adenyl cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP.
cAMP is the 2nd messenger- it activates other enzymes (protein kinases) in the cell.
One hormone molecule can cause many cAMP molecules to be formed which activates many enzymes- Cascade effect.