hormonal changes in pregnancy Flashcards
what is the role of HCG
prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum in 1st 12 weeks
what does the corpus luteum secrete
progesteron, oestrogen and inhibin
where is human placental lactogen (human chorionic sommatomammotropin) secreted from and what is its role ?
syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta. GH like effect, decreases insuling sensitivity in mother. also involved in maternal breast development
increased levels of what hormone cause hyperemesis in pregnancy
HCG
how much should hcg increase every 48 hrs
should double every 2 days
in what kinds of pregnancies would you expect to see high levels of hcg
molar pregnancies or multiple pregnancies
role of progesterone
stimulates growth of endometrium, growth of maternal breast tissue, prevents lactation and decreasing uterine contractibility until labour
role of oestrogen in pregnancy
enlarges uterus, breast developement, relaxes ligaments, increases uterine contractibility nearer labour
how much does cardiac output increase in pregancy and when does this peak ?
increases by about 30-50% and peaks at wk 24
what does heart rate increase to in pregnancy
about 90/min
what is the normal patter on blood pressure in pregnancy
BP will decrease during second trimester and return to pre-pregnancy levels in the third
how much does erythropoiesis increase in pregnancy ?
increases by 25%
does pCO2 increase or decrease in pregnancy
it decreases as progesterone tells brain to decrease pCO2 levels therefore more O2 in blood
what happens to gfr and renal plasma flow in pregnancy
they both increase
what is the average weight gain in pregnancy ?
11kg
how many extra calories should a pregnant woman eat a day
200kcal
when is the anabolic phase in pregnancy
wk 1-20
when is the mothers catabolic phase in pregnancy and what does this mean
week 21-40 - accelerated starvation of the mother. developed insulin resistance (maybe GDM), increased placental nutrition transport and lipolysis
what hormones cause insulin resistance in pregnancy
Human Placental Lactogen, GH and Cortisol
what effect does oxytocin have on uterus
stimulates it to contract and to make prostaglandins, further increasing contractions
what hormone is responsible for milk production and what is responsible for the ‘let-down reflex’
prolactin causes milk production and oxytocin causes milk release
