Horizontal gene transfer

Question 1

to repair large deletions, cell needs dna from….

Answer 1

external source

Question 2

New DNA inside cell can either be what? 2

Answer 2

destroyed by restriction or recombined into chromosome

Question 3

Restriction enzymes

Answer 3

recognize patterns on dsDNA and cut incoming DNA into pieces, defense against foreign DNA

Question 4

EcoRl

Answer 4

enzyme from E. coli cuts DNA at the pattern “GAATTC”

Question 5

RecA protein

Answer 5

faciliates strand invasion and controls SOS

Question 6

Vertical gene transfer requires waht

Answer 6

division

Question 7

horizontal transfer requires what

Answer 7

two cells

Question 8

Transformation horizontal gene uptake

Answer 8

uptake of free DNA directly form the environment (Com machinery)

Question 9

Conjugation horizontal

Answer 9

export of DNA from one cell into another (Tra machinery)
facilitated by sex pilus
donor cells have fertility factor (F Factor)

Question 10

Transduction horizontal gene transfer

Answer 10

transfer of genetic material between two bacteria by means of bacteriophage

Question 11

Steps in transformation

Answer 11

1. dsDNA binding
2. Digested to single strand
3. Single strand uptake by competence system
4. recombination

Question 12

Plasmids

Answer 12

small extra-chromosomal circular dsDNA encoding non-essential functions
(fertility factor is one kind of plasmid)

Question 13

What is a F factor and what is encoded on it

Answer 13

plasmid

1. sex pilus (retractable)
2. Tra machinary for dna transfer
3. independent origin of replication (oriT)

Question 14

Theta replication

5 facts go

Answer 14

two replication forks 
bidirectional migration 
makes both strands 
makes one copy 
terminates

Question 15

Rolling circle replication

5 facts go

Answer 15

one replication fork 
unidirectional migration 
makes continuous strand 
makes many copies 
indefinite

Question 16

Transduction

Answer 16

phage accidentlly packages bacterial chromosomal DNA and transfers this DNA to another bacterium

Question 17

Generalized transduction

Answer 17

mispackaged DNA can come from any location on the bacterial chromosome

Question 18

specialized transduction

Answer 18

mispackaged dna can only come from the part of the bacterial chromosome that is adjacent to the prophage intergration site

Question 19

bacteriophage

4 facts go

Answer 19

Bacteriophage are tiny 
	viruses that infect 
	bacteria.
•  Phage use host to make
	copies of themselves
•  They lack ribosomes and
	cannot make their
	own energy
•  Parasites