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GI > (Hopefully) High Yield Micro > Flashcards

(Hopefully) High Yield Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Toxin associated with pathogen that is pink on MacConkey agar and associated with recent travel

A

(Enterotoxigenic E coli)
Toxins = LT, ST
(LT = accumulation of cAMP; ST = accumulation of cGMP)

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2
Q

Attaching and effacing

A

Associate with EPEC (also occurs with EHEC, but that’s not the main virulence factor)

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3
Q

Antibiotic to use for patient with bloody diarrhea; pathogen is pink on MacConkey agar and when cultured on SMAC agar, does not fluoresce under UV light.

A

Do NOT use antibiotics! Can cause HUS.

EHEC does not ferment sorbitol due to lack of β-glucuronidase = no fluorescence.

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4
Q

“Stacked bricks” appearance

A

EAEC

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5
Q

Toxin associated with pathogen that is often acquired from contaminated hamburger

A 
Pathogen = EHEC
Toxin = STx
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6
Q

Pathogen that bears many similarities to Shigella spp.

A

EIEC:
Both cause dysentery, fever, stools with blood/pus/mucus. Both are non-motile and do not ferment lactose.

Shigella has a MUCH lower infectious dose than EIEC.

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7
Q

Three Gram (-) GI pathogens that use a Type III injection secretion system

A

Yersinia
Salmonella
Shigella

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8
Q

What is a major reason Shigella has such a low infectious dose?

A

Acid resistance - can survive the stomach

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9
Q

Buzzword: “ruffles” (associated with pathogenesis)

A

Salmonella

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10
Q

Which pathogen did we stress empiric antibiotic therapy for, and why?

A

Shigella: HUS is not more likely with antibiotic use in Shigella and individuals who are not treated can shed asymptomatically for 6 weeks

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11
Q

Associated with poultry and reptiles

A

Salmonella

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12
Q

Which pathogen is associated with a process that results in the formation of a “throne”?

A

EPEC, through the process of attaching and effacing

https://youtu.be/gnNFNI9_pT0

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13
Q

Association with feces from warm-blooded animals (think: dog poop)

A

Yersinia

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14
Q

Three Gram (-) curved rods

A

Helicobacter (more helical)
Vibrio (“comma shaped”)
Campylobacter

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15
Q

Association with Guillain Barre

A

Campylobacter

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16
Q

Association with shellfish

A

Vibrio

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17
Q

Treatment for H pylori

A

Quad or Triple therapy:
Quad: PPI + Metro + Tetra + Bismuth
Triple: PPI + Clarithromycin + (Amox or Metro)

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18
Q

Buzzword: “Seagull appearance”

A

Campylobacter

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19
Q

Gram (-) and Oxidase positive

A

Vibrio

Campylobacter

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20
Q

Positive string test

A

Vibrio

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21
Q

Mimics appendicitis, especially in kids

A

Yersinia

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22
Q

Associated with reactive arthritis

A

Yersinia

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23
Q

Frosted glass appearance

A

B cereus

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24
Q

Umbrella appearance on motility medium

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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25
Q

Medium used to isolate Campylobacter

A

Skirrow medium

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26
Q

Microaerophilic pathogens

A

Campylobacter

H pylori

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27
Q

Urease positive Gram (-) pathogen

A

H pylori

28
Q

Gram + pathogen and B-hemolysis

A

B cereus

Listeria

29
Q

Gram + bacilli with association with disease in pregnant women

A

Listeria (why pregnant women should avoid soft cheeses and deli meats)

30
Q

Tumbling motility

A

Listeria

31
Q

Actin rocket tails

A

Listeria

32
Q

Treatment for Listeria

A

Ampicillin, with or without gentamicin

33
Q

Association with rice/pasta

A

B cereus (emetic, heat-stable enterotoxin)

34
Q

Treatment for B cereus

A

Usually self-limiting but if antibiotic is needed, Vanco is first choice since resistance to PCN and B-lactams is common

35
Q

How is Listeria diagnosed?

A

Isolation from blood, CSF, or focal lesions

36
Q

Association with home-canned goods

A

C botulinum

37
Q

Association with infants + raw honey

A

C botulinum

38
Q

Spore-forming GI pathogens

A 
Only G + bacilli:
B cereus
C perfringens
C botulinum
C diff
39
Q

Spore-forming GI pathogens

A

Only G + bacilli:

  • Bacillus cereus
  • Clostridium spp
  • NOT Listeria
40
Q

Associated with under-cooked pork and sweet potato

A

Enteritis necroticans

41
Q

Difference between botulism in infants vs adults

A

Infants: transmitted via ingestion of spores

Adults: transmitted via ingestion of pre-formed toxin.

42
Q

Toxins associated with C diff, and their actions

A

Exotoxin A: brush border damage, causes watery diarrhea

Exotoxin B: depolymerizes actin, leading to pseudomembranous colitis

43
Q

Tx for C diff

A

ORAL Vanco (not IV)

44
Q

Onset of symptoms after ingestion of C perfringens?

A

8 - 12 hours; takes time for spores to germinate and release toxin

45
Q

At what stage is entamoeba histolytica infectious vs diagnosed?

A

Infectious: cyst
Diagnosed: cyst and trophozoite

46
Q

Associated with liver abscess, RUQ pain

A

Entamoeba histolytica

47
Q

Trophozoites with endocytosed RBCs on microscopy

A

Entamoeba histolytica

48
Q

Drug used to clear Entamoeba cysts from the lumen

A

Paramycin

49
Q

Buzzword: Hikers/campers drinking from stream

A

Giardia lamblia

50
Q

Form of Giardia that is ingested

A

Cysts

51
Q

MC parasite infection

A

Giardia lamblia

52
Q

Buzzword: steatorrhea

A

Giardia lamblia; can caue vit A, D, E or K deficiency

53
Q

“Falling leaf” motility

A

Giardia lamblia: trophozoites in stool demonstrate this motility pattern

54
Q

MC organism found in AIDS patients with diarrhea

A

Cryptosporidium

55
Q

Which portion of the GI does Cryptosporidium primarily affect?

A

Small intestine

56
Q

Pathogen associated with perianal pruritus

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm): female deposits eggs outside of anus at night, eggs hatch and crawl back inside

Treat with albendazole

57
Q

Buzzword: bare feet

A
  • Necator americanus and Ancylostome duodenale (New World and Old World Hookworm)
  • Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
58
Q

What will be present in a stool sample positive for Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Larvae, not eggs!

Eggs are laid into GI wall; larvae emerge and can pass into stool

59
Q

Treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Ivermectin

60
Q

Hosts associated with Taenia spp

A

Intermediate hosts:
Taenia saginata = cattle
Taenia solium = pigs

Definitive hosts = humans

61
Q

Cysticercosis vs Taeniasis

A

Taeniasis = ingesting the eggs of taenia spp. Causes GI problems.

Cysticercosis = ingesting cysts of taenia; can affect any tissue of the body (including brain)

62
Q

Treatment for cestode infections

A

Praziquantel

63
Q

Pathogen associated with contaminated fish

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (Tapeworm) - transmitted via ingestion of fish containing pleorcercoid larvae

64
Q

Hepatitis for which we have vaccines

A

A and B

65
Q

ssRNA + hepatitis viruses

A

HAV (picornavirus); HCV (flavivirus) and HEV (hepevirus)

GI (6 decks)

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