Hookworms

Question 1

Ancyclostoma caninum affects….

Answer 1

Dogs only

Question 2

Ancyclostoma tubaeforme affects…

Answer 2

Cats only

Question 3

Ancyclostoma braziliense affects….

Answer 3

Dogs and Cats

Question 4

Uncinaria stenocephala affects….

Answer 4

Dogs and Cats

Question 5

This hookworm is found in Tropical and Subtropical regions all over the globe & is the most common cause of Canine Hookworm Disease

Answer 5

Ancyclostoma caninum

Question 6

Hookworm that is most common cause for Feline Hookworm Disease and is found in Tropical/Subtropical regions globally

Answer 6

Ancyclostoma tubaeforme

Question 7

This hookworm is found sparsely from FL to NC, in Central/South America, and in Africa

Answer 7

Ancyclostoma braziliense

Question 8

This hookworm is the primary cause for canine hookworm disease in Canada and the northern edge of the US, is found in cooler regions

Answer 8

Uncinaria stenocephala

Question 9

Which body system do all of the previously mentioned species of hookworms affect

Answer 9

Small intestine

Question 10

General size of hookworms

Answer 10

0.5-1inch in length; not easily visible grossly

Question 11

Describe hookworm larvae

Answer 11

Elongated and cylindrical

Question 12

Immature larva vs. mature hookworm

Answer 12

Mature hookworms are larger and have a more rounded oral cavity

Question 13

What 2 distinguishable features do Male hookworms have

Answer 13

Copulatory bursa and Copulatory spicule

Question 14

What 3 distinguishable features do Female hookworms have

Answer 14

Anal pore, Uterus, and females have a more tapered end

Question 15

How many pairs of teeth does A. caninum have?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

How many pairs of teeth do A. tubaeforme have?

Answer 16

3

Question 17

How many pairs of teeth do A. braziliense have?

Answer 17

2 pairs

Question 18

How many pairs of teeth do U. stenocephala have?

Answer 18

None; they have cutting plates

Question 19

When is the pre-patent period and infective stage for hookworms, respectively?

Answer 19

2 weeks; L3 larval stage

Question 20

Name the 2 ways a host can become infected by hookworms?

Answer 20

Oral route or Skin route

Question 21

Describe the 4 steps of hookworm infection via Oral Route

Answer 21

1) eggs are passed from host’s feces, hatch into L1 larvae that develop into L3 larvae which contaminates the soil

2) Host ingests L3 larvae contaminated soil or grass

3) Infective L3 larvae migrate to small intestines

4) Larvae mature into adult worms and produce more eggs

Question 22

Describe a hookworm infection via the Skin route
( 3 steps-hint)

Answer 22

1) Infective L3 larvae enter host skin, then body tissue via penetration and arrest development

2) Larvae development is triggered by pregnancy or presence of concurrent disease

3) Infective larvae arrive in small intestines; if pregnant then they also enter mammary tissue. Cycle repeats

Question 23

General Hookworm Clinical signs

Answer 23

Intestinal irritation, damage, and bleeding

Question 24

Clinical signs of A. caninum

Answer 24

Anemia, bloody diarrhea/dark feces, weight loss, rough coat, worms in feces

Question 25

Clinical signs of A. tubaeforme

Answer 25

Usually none, but can see weight loss, anemia, and darkened stool

Question 26

How can you diagnose hookworm infections?

Answer 26

Via fecal flotation

Question 27

What would you see if you were looking at A. caninum under a microscope?

Answer 27

Oval-shaped, thin-shelled, multicellular eggs

Question 28

What drug is used to treat hookworm infections?
(Hint: Dr. Guy kept repeating thisssssss)

Answer 28

Pyrantel pamoate

Question 29

T or F: Hookworms are zoonotic

Answer 29

True!

Question 30

What is Cutaneous Larval Migrans in humans?

Answer 30

A hookworm infection caused by the burrowing of hookworms in the skin