Hoofdstuk 9 Flashcards
Can one programming language follow multiple paradigms?
Yes
What are some principles and strategies programming languages follow
Procedural
Imperative
OOP
Functional
Logic
What would fall under imperative paradigms?
Procedural (Fortran, Pascal, Basic C)
Object Oriented (SmallTalk, C++, Java)
Scripting Languages (Perl, Python, JavaScript)
What would fall under declarative paradigms?
Functional programming (Scheme, ML, haskel)
Logic programming (Prolog, Datalog)
What is imperative?
Giving an authoritative command (or statements)
What does imperative use to change a program’s state?
Assignments
What does imperative focus on?
On how a program operates (Algorithms)
What does imperative do in high-level?
Describes program state by variables, and statements are the machine instructions
What does imperative do in low-level?
Uses machine code to modify a program state
How are declarative languages often defined as?
Non-imperative
How do declarative languages describe instead of how to do something?
It describes what to do, or what a program should be
How do declarative languages describe programs.
By desired results, rather than provide commands which should be performed by a computer
What languages are part of the declarative paradigm?
Functional languages
Logic languages
Is there a clear distinction between imperative and declarative languages?
No
Why do we care about paradigms?
Because programming languages following a certain paradigm often share common characteristics, once we understand the paradigm, we can also understand each language’s features more easily
What are most of the programming languages?
Imperative + OOP
Why do we need programming languages other than imperative + OOP
Software is always evolving
Some features considered useful in other paradigms can be adopted in the future
What is Scripting Language?
Can use multiple programs
What are Scripting Languages often called?
Glue Languages
What are some general purpose scripting languages?
Perl
Python
Ruby
PowerShell
AppleScript
What are some web scripting languages?
PHP
JSP
Ruby on Rails
JavaScript
TypeScript
What are some common characteristics between these paradigms?
Provide both batch and interactive mode
Easier to write - simple expressions
Simple Scoping Rules with Optimal Declarations
Flexible and dynamic typing
Good for Pattern Matching and String Manipulation
High-level Data Structures
What are some problem domains?
Shell scripts
Text Processing and Report Generation
Mathematics and Statistics
General Purpose Glue Language
Extension Language
Web Applications
Explain Shell scripts
Manipulating files and directories
Interactive glue unix commands
Explain Text Processing and Report Generation
Support of pattern matching and manipulation
Perl: Practical Extraction and Report Language
Explain Mathematics and Statistics
Easy to write, easy manipulation of data
R and Python are popularly used in this area
Explain General Purpose Glue Language
You can connect or redirect one program’s output to another program’s inputE
Explain Extension Language
Scripting languages are often used to add more useful features (such as new commands) to existing programs
Ex: LUA
Explain web applications
Used both in server and client sides
