Hoofdstuk 9

Question 1

Can one programming language follow multiple paradigms?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What are some principles and strategies programming languages follow

Answer 2

Procedural
Imperative
OOP
Functional
Logic

Question 3

What would fall under imperative paradigms?

Answer 3

Procedural (Fortran, Pascal, Basic C)
Object Oriented (SmallTalk, C++, Java)
Scripting Languages (Perl, Python, JavaScript)

Question 4

What would fall under declarative paradigms?

Answer 4

Functional programming (Scheme, ML, haskel)
Logic programming (Prolog, Datalog)

Question 5

What is imperative?

Answer 5

Giving an authoritative command (or statements)

Question 6

What does imperative use to change a program’s state?

Answer 6

Assignments

Question 7

What does imperative focus on?

Answer 7

On how a program operates (Algorithms)

Question 8

What does imperative do in high-level?

Answer 8

Describes program state by variables, and statements are the machine instructions

Question 9

What does imperative do in low-level?

Answer 9

Uses machine code to modify a program state

Question 10

How are declarative languages often defined as?

Answer 10

Non-imperative

Question 11

How do declarative languages describe instead of how to do something?

Answer 11

It describes what to do, or what a program should be

Question 12

How do declarative languages describe programs.

Answer 12

By desired results, rather than provide commands which should be performed by a computer

Question 13

What languages are part of the declarative paradigm?

Answer 13

Functional languages
Logic languages

Question 14

Is there a clear distinction between imperative and declarative languages?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Why do we care about paradigms?

Answer 15

Because programming languages following a certain paradigm often share common characteristics, once we understand the paradigm, we can also understand each language’s features more easily

Question 16

What are most of the programming languages?

Answer 16

Imperative + OOP

Question 17

Why do we need programming languages other than imperative + OOP

Answer 17

Software is always evolving
Some features considered useful in other paradigms can be adopted in the future

Question 18

What is Scripting Language?

Answer 18

Can use multiple programs

Question 19

What are Scripting Languages often called?

Answer 19

Glue Languages

Question 20

What are some general purpose scripting languages?

Answer 20

Perl
Python
Ruby
PowerShell
AppleScript

Question 21

What are some web scripting languages?

Answer 21

PHP
JSP
Ruby on Rails
JavaScript
TypeScript

Question 22

What are some common characteristics between these paradigms?

Answer 22

Provide both batch and interactive mode
Easier to write - simple expressions
Simple Scoping Rules with Optimal Declarations
Flexible and dynamic typing
Good for Pattern Matching and String Manipulation
High-level Data Structures

Question 23

What are some problem domains?

Answer 23

Shell scripts
Text Processing and Report Generation
Mathematics and Statistics
General Purpose Glue Language
Extension Language
Web Applications

Question 24

Explain Shell scripts

Answer 24

Manipulating files and directories
Interactive glue unix commands

Question 25

Explain Text Processing and Report Generation

Answer 25

Support of pattern matching and manipulation
Perl: Practical Extraction and Report Language

Question 26

Explain Mathematics and Statistics

Answer 26

Easy to write, easy manipulation of data
R and Python are popularly used in this area

Question 27

Explain General Purpose Glue Language

Answer 27

You can connect or redirect one program’s output to another program’s inputE

Question 28

Explain Extension Language

Answer 28

Scripting languages are often used to add more useful features (such as new commands) to existing programs
Ex: LUA

Question 29

Explain web applications

Answer 29

Used both in server and client sides