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The science of psychology > Hoofdstuk 1 > Flashcards

Hoofdstuk 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptions

A

Changes passed along in surviving & reproducing

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2
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Introduced world to “evolution theory”

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

Idea that mind came in excitence over course of evolution

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4
Q

stream of conciousness

A

ever changing, continious series of thoughts

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5
Q

Tirchener

A

user of the method structuralism. Understanding mind on scientific basis.

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6
Q

Structuralism

A

Conciuos experience can be broken down into basic underlying components

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7
Q

Psychological reasoning

A

using psychological research to examen people. how they think and understand errors they make

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8
Q

relative comparisons

A

information that comes first has a strong influence on answer as well as how the question is framed

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9
Q

views psychologist have on mind & body right now

A

mind arises from brain activity. It does not exist separately.

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10
Q

Description brain

A

mental activity because of biological processes in the brain.

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11
Q

introspection (1800)

A

people inspect and report on their own thoughts.

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12
Q

why introspection?

A

willem wundt wanted conscious experiences

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13
Q

critical thinking

A

question and evaluate information by using well supported evidence

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14
Q

mind description

A

mental activity

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15
Q

mind / body debate

A

mind and body separately or the mind is a subjective experience of the brain

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16
Q

willem wundt

A

thought of reaction time because mental processes take time

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17
Q

nature / nurture debate

A

are characteristics based on genes or product of education

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18
Q

psychological science description

A

study through research of mind, brain & behavior

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19
Q

Theory of rene descartes

A

“dualism” Mind & body can excist separately yet are intertwined

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20
Q

behavior description

A

everything a human or animal does that is observable

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21
Q

what is the problem with the introspection method

A

it is entirely subjective. personal to everybody.

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22
Q

failing to judge source credibility description

A

never just go of on the words of an expert, they can make mistakes too. instead find evidence.

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23
Q

Accepting after the fact explanations

A

wanting to make sense of the world so you come up with explanations

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24
Q

believes of Leonardo da vinci

A

all sensory messages arive in 1 location in the brain. “sensus communis” home of thought and judgement.

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25
Q

populair saying after idea of leonardo da vinci

A

common sense

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26
Q

reasoning description

A

using evidence to draw conclusions

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27
Q

taking mental shortcuts description

A

the easiest answer is the one you use.

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28
Q

what is another word for using the easiest answer

A

heuristic answer

29
Q

seeing relationships that do not exist description

A

misconception that if two events happend at the same time they must be related

30
Q

confirmation bias description

A

only looking at evidence that supports your believes

31
Q

misunderstanding or not using statistics

A

you can calculate chance with statistics which gives you more information

32
Q

self-serving bias description

A

not seeing your own weakness, so trusting you are correct just because

33
Q

reasoning bias or hindsight bias description

A

we’re good at explaining things things after the fact, we’re not good at predicting

34
Q

Natural selection

A

changes that are adaptive are passed along and those that are not are not passed along. survival of the fittest

35
Q

Gestalt theory description

A

the perception of objects is subjective and dependent on context. to people can look at something and see something different

36
Q

Sigmund freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis

37
Q

description of psychoanalysis

A

human behavior determined by mental processes operating below the level of awareness

38
Q

description unconscious

A

below the level of awareness, subconscious

39
Q

method psychoanalysis

A

bringing unconscious content into consciousness to reveal conflicts. reading dreams etc

40
Q

John B Watson 1913

A

developed behaviorism

41
Q

description behaviorism

A

psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing observable behavior

42
Q

Believes of watson

A

that humans and animals learn through environmental experiences

43
Q

cognitive psychology description

A

study of mental functions such as intelligence, thinking etc

44
Q

how did cognitive neuroscience emerge

A

cognitive psychologists joined with neuroscientists

45
Q

cognitive neuroscience description

A

study of the neural mechanisms underlying intelligence, thinking etc

46
Q

mid-twenty psychologie description

A

emphasizing on scientific approach to understanding how people are influenced by others

47
Q

description social psychology field

A

study of how people influence other peoples thoughts, feelings and actions.

48
Q

description personality psychology

A

study of people’s characteristics thoughts, emotions and behaviors and how they vary in different situations

49
Q

rapid advancements in biological and environmental bases of psychological disorders is leading to

A

effective treatments so people can live normal lives

50
Q

biology emphasized in explaining psychological phenomena

A

brain chemistry, neuroscience & human genome

51
Q

brain chemistry description

A

hundreds of substances play role mental activity and behavior

52
Q

neuroscience description

A

research working brain performing vital functions. how do certain parts of the brain work together

53
Q

the human genome description

A

basic genetic code, how do specific genes affect thoughts, actions, feelings and disorders

54
Q

evolutionary thinking

A

solving adaptive problems, knowledge of ancestors helps explain certain behaviors

55
Q

culture

A

it shapes believes, rules and behaviors

56
Q

crossing levels analysis

A

explaining behaviors through different levels provides more complete picture of mental and behavioral processes

57
Q

level biology

A

how physical body contributes to mind and behavior

58
Q

level individual

A

individual differences and mental processes on perceiving the world

59
Q

level social

A

group context and interaction

60
Q

level cultural

A

people differences and similarities across cultures

61
Q

level ethnomusicology

A

study of cross cultural music preference

62
Q

level interdisciplinary

A

collaborating with researchers from other fields

63
Q

neuroscience/biology examen

A

how biological systems give rise to mental activity and behavior

64
Q

developmental psychologists

A

study how people change across life span

65
Q

clinical psychologists

A

interested in the factors that cause psychological disorders and how to treat them

66
Q

counseling psychologists

A

improve peoples daily life, more daily struggles than serious cases

67
Q

industrial and organizational psychologists

A

concerned with behavior and productivity in industry and workplace

68
Q

forensic psychologists

A

work in legal settings

The science of psychology (2 decks)

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