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Farrier > Hoof Structures > Flashcards

Hoof Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Identify hoof structure #1

A

Sesamoid

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2
Q

Identify hoof structure #2

A

Navicular Bone

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3
Q

Identify hoof structure #3

A

Lateral Cartilage

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4
Q

Identify hoof structure #4

A

Cannon Bone

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5
Q

Identify hoof structure #5

A

Felock Joint

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6
Q

Identify hoof structure #6

A

Long Pastern Bone

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7
Q

Identify hoof structure #7

A

Pastern Joint

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8
Q

Identify hoof structure #8

A

Short Pastern Bone

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9
Q

Identify hoof structure #9

A

Coffin Joint

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10
Q

Identify hoof structure #10

A

Coffin Bone

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11
Q

Identify hoof structure #1

A

Lateral Cartilage

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12
Q

Identify hoof structure #2

A

Navicular Bone

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13
Q

Identify hoof structure #3

A

Suspensory Ligament of Navicular Bone

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14
Q

Identify hoof structure #1

A

Ligaments of the Lateral Cartilage

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15
Q

Identify hoof structure #2

A

Lateral Cartilage

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16
Q

Identify hoof structure #3

A

Suspensory Ligament of Navicular Bone

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17
Q

Identify hoof structure #4

A

Collateral Ligament of Coffin Joint

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18
Q

Identify elastic structure #1

A

Coronary Cushion

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19
Q

Identify elastic structure #2

A

Lateral Cartilage

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20
Q

Identify elastic structure #3

A

Plantar Cushion

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21
Q

Identify horny structure #1

A

Periople

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22
Q

Identify horny structure #2

A

Hoof Wall

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23
Q

Identify horny structure #3

A

White Line

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24
Q

Identify horny structure #4

A

Frog

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25
Q

Identify horny structure #5

A

Sole

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26
Q

Identify horny structure #1

A

Coronary Groove

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27
Q

Identify horny structure #2

A

Horny Laminae

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28
Q

Identify horny structure #3

A

Periople

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29
Q

Identify horny structure #4

A

Hoof Wall

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30
Q

Identify horny structure #5

A

Frog

31
Q

Identify sensitive structure #1

A

Perioplic Ring

32
Q

Identify sensitive structure #2

A

Coronary Band

33
Q

Identify sensitive structure #3

A

Terminal Papillae of Sensitive Laminae

34
Q

Identify sensitive structure #4

A

Sensitive Frog

35
Q

Identify sensitive structure #5

A

Sensitive Sole

36
Q

Identify sensitive structure #1

A

Perioplic Ring

37
Q

Identify sensitive structure #2

A

Coronary Band

38
Q

Identify sensitive structure #3

A

Sensitive Laminae

39
Q

What are the 3 types of structures in the hoof?

A
  1. The Horny Structure
  2. The Sensitive Structure
  3. The Elastic Structure
40
Q

Name the primary weight bearing portion of the hoof (3)

A
  1. The hoof wall
  2. Bars in the unshod horse (trimmed down to the level of the sole if the horse is to be shod)
  3. Frog
41
Q

Name the seven horny structures

A
  1. Hoof Wall
  2. Bars
  3. Sole
  4. Frog
  5. Seath of Corn
  6. White Line
  7. Periople
42
Q

Describe the Hoof Wall (4)

A
  1. Main bearing portion of hoof
  2. Thicker at the Toe than Quarters and Heels
  3. Hoof Wall has same thickness up to the coronary band
  4. Hoof wall grows downwards from the coronary band
43
Q

Describe the Bars (4)

A
  1. Extension of the hoof wall
  2. Located alongside the commissures of the frog
  3. Normally weight bearing but timmed down to the level of the sole if horse is shod
  4. Bars are an aid to the normal expansion and contraction of the hoof
44
Q

Describe the sole (4)

A
  1. Designed to protect the sensitive structures within the hoof; not major weight bearing
  2. The first layer of the sole is the dead sole. Trim this away to the live sole
  3. The live sole is moist and resilient. About 1/4” - 1/2” thick. You can trim toe down to live sole safely and then wall to same level without damaging sensitive sole
  4. Next layer of the sole is the sensitive sole. Its function is to grow the live sole
45
Q

Describe the frog (6)

A
  1. Frog distributes stress and concussion throughout the elastic structures of the hoof
  2. Frog is normal weight bearing but is trimmed down when hoof is shod
  3. Provides high traction surface
  4. 2nd heart
    1. Hoof up: Blood rushes into sensitive area underneath frog
    2. Hoof down: Blood squeezed out of capillary beds and back up the leg
  5. Horny frog is grown from the sensitive frog
  6. Sheds once per year in dry climate; 3-4 times in wet
46
Q

Describe the seat of corn (2)

A
  1. Area of the sole between the hoof wall at the heel and the bar
  2. Corn develops if the shoe is fit too closely at the heels
47
Q

Describe the white line (5)

A
  1. white line is an extension of the horny laminae within the hoof
  2. Fit shoe with nail holes over the white line with nails started toward the outside of the white line
  3. Inside the hoof, the white line is the horny laminae
  4. White line grows from the sensitive laminae
  5. Interlacing of the horny and sensitve laminae attaches hoof wall to the coffin bone
48
Q

Describe the Periople (3)

A
  1. Waxy covering of the hoof wall 1” down from the perioplic ring
  2. Prevents the hoo wall from drying out
  3. Never rasp off except in some cases of correcting shoeing
49
Q

Name the three elastic structures

A
  1. Plantar Cushion
  2. Lateral Cartilages
  3. Coronary Cushion
50
Q

Describe the Plantar Cusion (2)

A
  1. Plantar cusion lies directly under the sensitive frog
  2. Function is to absorb concussion and transmit concussion to the lateral cartilages and coronary cusion
51
Q

Describe the Lateral Cartilages (2)

A
  1. The lateral cartilages extends upward and backward from the wings or sides of the coffine bone and it is these structures which allow for the expansion of the hoof as weight is borne upon it.
  2. 10+ years these cartilages begin to calcify and form the condition known as side bones, which may or may not cause lameness
52
Q

Name the sensitve structures (6)

A
  1. Sensitive sole
  2. Sensitive frog
  3. Sensitive lamina
  4. Coronary Band
  5. Perioplic Ring
  6. Terminal Papillae of the sensitve lamina
53
Q

What does the sensitive sole do?

A

Grows the live sole

54
Q

What does the sensitive frog do?

A

Grows the horny frog

55
Q

What does the sensitive lamina do?

A

Grows the horny lamina

56
Q

What does the coronary band do?

A

Grows the hoof wall

57
Q

What does the perioplic ring do?

A

Grows the periople

58
Q

What does the terminal papillae of the sensitive lamina do?

A

Grows the inner part of the white line

59
Q

Is the hoof wall thicker at the ground surface of the hoof than it is at the hair-line?

A

No

60
Q

Name the extensions of the hoof wall which are found alongside the commissures of the frog

A

Bars

61
Q

How far are the bars trimmed down if the horse is to be shod?

A

Trim the bars down to the level of the sole

62
Q

What is the structure which covers the largest area of the bottom of the hoof and serves primarily to protect the unerlying sensitive structures?

A

Sole

63
Q

When a shoer has trimmed the sole of the hoof down too far causing it to bleed, what structure has he cut into?

A

The sensitive sole

64
Q

What is the function of the sensitive sole?

A

To grow the live frog

65
Q

What is the function of the coronary band?

A

To grow the hoof wall

66
Q

What is the function of the sensitive frog

A

To grow the horny frog

67
Q

Name three functions of the frog

A
  1. Distributes stress and concussion throughout the elastic structures of the hoof
  2. Normal weight bearing surfaceof the hoof
  3. Provides high traction surface
  4. 2nd heart
68
Q

The white line (horny laminae) grows from what structure?

A

Sensitive Lamina

69
Q

Name the area of the sole located between the bars and the hoof wall

A

Seat of Corn

70
Q

How is the horny shell of the hoof primarily attached to the coffin bone?

A

An interlacing of the horny and the sensitive laminae attaches the hoof wall to the coffin bone

71
Q

What is the waxy covering of the hoof wall which extends about one inch down from the hairline?

A

Periople

72
Q

From where is the Periople grown?

A

Perioplic ring

73
Q

What is the name of the elastic structure which lies under the sensitive frog?

A

Plantar Cushion

74
Q

Name the cartilaginous structure which extend upward and backward from the sides of the coffin bone

A

The lateral cartilages

Farrier (5 decks)

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