Hoof Structures Flashcards
Identify hoof structure #1
Sesamoid
Identify hoof structure #2
Navicular Bone
Identify hoof structure #3
Lateral Cartilage
Identify hoof structure #4
Cannon Bone
Identify hoof structure #5
Felock Joint
Identify hoof structure #6
Long Pastern Bone
Identify hoof structure #7
Pastern Joint
Identify hoof structure #8
Short Pastern Bone
Identify hoof structure #9
Coffin Joint
Identify hoof structure #10
Coffin Bone
Identify hoof structure #1
Lateral Cartilage
Identify hoof structure #2
Navicular Bone
Identify hoof structure #3
Suspensory Ligament of Navicular Bone
Identify hoof structure #1
Ligaments of the Lateral Cartilage
Identify hoof structure #2
Lateral Cartilage
Identify hoof structure #3
Suspensory Ligament of Navicular Bone
Identify hoof structure #4
Collateral Ligament of Coffin Joint
Identify elastic structure #1
Coronary Cushion
Identify elastic structure #2
Lateral Cartilage
Identify elastic structure #3
Plantar Cushion
Identify horny structure #1
Periople
Identify horny structure #2
Hoof Wall
Identify horny structure #3
White Line
Identify horny structure #4
Frog
Identify horny structure #5
Sole
Identify horny structure #1
Coronary Groove
Identify horny structure #2
Horny Laminae
Identify horny structure #3
Periople
Identify horny structure #4
Hoof Wall
Identify horny structure #5
Frog
Identify sensitive structure #1
Perioplic Ring
Identify sensitive structure #2
Coronary Band
Identify sensitive structure #3
Terminal Papillae of Sensitive Laminae
Identify sensitive structure #4
Sensitive Frog
Identify sensitive structure #5
Sensitive Sole
Identify sensitive structure #1
Perioplic Ring
Identify sensitive structure #2
Coronary Band
Identify sensitive structure #3
Sensitive Laminae
What are the 3 types of structures in the hoof?
- The Horny Structure
- The Sensitive Structure
- The Elastic Structure
Name the primary weight bearing portion of the hoof (3)
- The hoof wall
- Bars in the unshod horse (trimmed down to the level of the sole if the horse is to be shod)
- Frog
Name the seven horny structures
- Hoof Wall
- Bars
- Sole
- Frog
- Seath of Corn
- White Line
- Periople
Describe the Hoof Wall (4)
- Main bearing portion of hoof
- Thicker at the Toe than Quarters and Heels
- Hoof Wall has same thickness up to the coronary band
- Hoof wall grows downwards from the coronary band
Describe the Bars (4)
- Extension of the hoof wall
- Located alongside the commissures of the frog
- Normally weight bearing but timmed down to the level of the sole if horse is shod
- Bars are an aid to the normal expansion and contraction of the hoof
Describe the sole (4)
- Designed to protect the sensitive structures within the hoof; not major weight bearing
- The first layer of the sole is the dead sole. Trim this away to the live sole
- The live sole is moist and resilient. About 1/4” - 1/2” thick. You can trim toe down to live sole safely and then wall to same level without damaging sensitive sole
- Next layer of the sole is the sensitive sole. Its function is to grow the live sole
Describe the frog (6)
- Frog distributes stress and concussion throughout the elastic structures of the hoof
- Frog is normal weight bearing but is trimmed down when hoof is shod
- Provides high traction surface
- 2nd heart
- Hoof up: Blood rushes into sensitive area underneath frog
- Hoof down: Blood squeezed out of capillary beds and back up the leg
- Horny frog is grown from the sensitive frog
- Sheds once per year in dry climate; 3-4 times in wet
Describe the seat of corn (2)
- Area of the sole between the hoof wall at the heel and the bar
- Corn develops if the shoe is fit too closely at the heels
Describe the white line (5)
- white line is an extension of the horny laminae within the hoof
- Fit shoe with nail holes over the white line with nails started toward the outside of the white line
- Inside the hoof, the white line is the horny laminae
- White line grows from the sensitive laminae
- Interlacing of the horny and sensitve laminae attaches hoof wall to the coffin bone
Describe the Periople (3)
- Waxy covering of the hoof wall 1” down from the perioplic ring
- Prevents the hoo wall from drying out
- Never rasp off except in some cases of correcting shoeing
Name the three elastic structures
- Plantar Cushion
- Lateral Cartilages
- Coronary Cushion
Describe the Plantar Cusion (2)
- Plantar cusion lies directly under the sensitive frog
- Function is to absorb concussion and transmit concussion to the lateral cartilages and coronary cusion
Describe the Lateral Cartilages (2)
- The lateral cartilages extends upward and backward from the wings or sides of the coffine bone and it is these structures which allow for the expansion of the hoof as weight is borne upon it.
- 10+ years these cartilages begin to calcify and form the condition known as side bones, which may or may not cause lameness
Name the sensitve structures (6)
- Sensitive sole
- Sensitive frog
- Sensitive lamina
- Coronary Band
- Perioplic Ring
- Terminal Papillae of the sensitve lamina
What does the sensitive sole do?
Grows the live sole
What does the sensitive frog do?
Grows the horny frog
What does the sensitive lamina do?
Grows the horny lamina
What does the coronary band do?
Grows the hoof wall
What does the perioplic ring do?
Grows the periople
What does the terminal papillae of the sensitive lamina do?
Grows the inner part of the white line
Is the hoof wall thicker at the ground surface of the hoof than it is at the hair-line?
No
Name the extensions of the hoof wall which are found alongside the commissures of the frog
Bars
How far are the bars trimmed down if the horse is to be shod?
Trim the bars down to the level of the sole
What is the structure which covers the largest area of the bottom of the hoof and serves primarily to protect the unerlying sensitive structures?
Sole
When a shoer has trimmed the sole of the hoof down too far causing it to bleed, what structure has he cut into?
The sensitive sole
What is the function of the sensitive sole?
To grow the live frog
What is the function of the coronary band?
To grow the hoof wall
What is the function of the sensitive frog
To grow the horny frog
Name three functions of the frog
- Distributes stress and concussion throughout the elastic structures of the hoof
- Normal weight bearing surfaceof the hoof
- Provides high traction surface
- 2nd heart
The white line (horny laminae) grows from what structure?
Sensitive Lamina
Name the area of the sole located between the bars and the hoof wall
Seat of Corn
How is the horny shell of the hoof primarily attached to the coffin bone?
An interlacing of the horny and the sensitive laminae attaches the hoof wall to the coffin bone
What is the waxy covering of the hoof wall which extends about one inch down from the hairline?
Periople
From where is the Periople grown?
Perioplic ring
What is the name of the elastic structure which lies under the sensitive frog?
Plantar Cushion
Name the cartilaginous structure which extend upward and backward from the sides of the coffin bone
The lateral cartilages
