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Hoof Anatomy > Hoof Anatomy > Flashcards

Hoof Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the A on Image 1 and what is its function

A

Coronary Band
Secretes the Horny tissue that makes up the hoof

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2
Q

What type of cells make up the Hoof?

A

Keratinized epithelial cells

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3
Q

What is C in Image 1?

A

Hoof Wall

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4
Q

What affects the thickness of the hook wall?

A

1) Type of animal,
2) Nutrition
3) Environment

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5
Q

How much does a hoof grow per month?

A

5mm

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6
Q

Where does the hoof grow from?

A

Coronary Band

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7
Q

What happens if there is damage to the Coronary Band?

A

Damage to this band can cause deformities of the hoof wall

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8
Q

What is D on Image 1?

A

Heel bulb

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9
Q

what is the function of the heel bulb?

A

1) Support and cushioning as the cow walks

2) Aids in pumping blood through the hoof

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10
Q

What is B on Image 1?

A

Periople

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11
Q

What is the function of the Periople

A

Outside of the hoof
Protects the moisture within the hoof

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12
Q

What is the Corium made of?

A

Blood vessels
Nerves

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13
Q

What is the function of the corium?

A

Provides nutrition for the hoof

Produces the Sole of the Hoof

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14
Q

What is A on image 2?

A

The Corium

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15
Q

The Sole of a hoof is produced by what?

A

the corium

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16
Q

What is the White Line?

A

Flexible junction between sole and hoof wall that
Marks the end of the sole & the beginning of the hoof wall

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17
Q

What is A on image 3?

A

Coronary Band

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18
Q

What is B on image 3?

A

Pedal Bone

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19
Q

What is C on image 3?

A

Hoof wall

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20
Q

What is D on image 3?

A

Sole

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21
Q

What is E on image 3?

A

Digital Cushion

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22
Q

What is F on Image 3?

A

Heel bulb

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23
Q

What does artiodactyl mean?

A

even toed animals

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24
Q

What structures does the horse hoof have that artiodactyls (cattle and other even toes animals) do not have?

A

Bars and Frog

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25
Q

What is A on image 4?

26
Q

What is C on image 4?

A

White line

27
Q

What is D on image 4?

A

Frog

It is A
Highly elastic wedge-shaped mass

Middle of the sole

V-shaped

28
Q

What is the function of the frog?

A

Contacts the ground surface as the animal travels

Helps the blood circulate in the foot

29
Q

What is B on Image 4?

A

Bars

Bars run on either side of the frog

30
Q

What the function of bars?

A

1) Provide stable suspension as the animal’s foot impacts the ground

2) Grabs’ to ground to help with speed

31
Q

What is E on image 4?

A

Cleft

Central groove of the frog that runs down the middle

32
Q

what is the function of the cleft?

A

Aids in flexion and grip

33
Q

What is the pedal bone is horses referred to as?

A

The Coffin Bone

34
Q

What is A on image 5?

A

Long Pastern Bone

35
Q

What is B on image 5?

A

Extensor Tendon

36
Q

What is C on image 5?

A

Flexor Tendon

37
Q

What is D on image 5?

A

Short Pastern Bone

38
Q

What is E on image 5?

A

Coronary Band

39
Q

What is F on image 5?

40
Q

What is G on image 5?

A

White line

41
Q

What is H on image 5?

42
Q

What is I on image 5?

43
Q

What is J in image 5?

A

Coffin bone

( remember this is an image of a horse hoof, if it was an image of a cattle hoof it would be the pedal Bone)

44
Q

What is H on image 5?

A

Navicular bone

Remember this is a picture of a horse hoof
If picture of a cattle hoof it would be called the Distal Sesamoid Bone

45
Q

What is A on image 6?

A

Cannon Bone

Because this is a picture of a horse hoof

If a picture of a cattle hoof it would be the Metacarpal

46
Q

What is B on image 6?

A

Promixmal Sesmoid Bone

Same name in horses and cattle :)

47
Q

What is the function of the extensor tendon?

A

Extends the limb to place the limb on the ground

48
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Tendon?

A

Flexes the limb to pick it up off the ground

49
Q

Why is it important that hoofs are trimmed at the right length?

A

The bones in the hoof are meant to sit squarely inside the hoof, at an approximately 50 degree angle to the ground. If they are trimmed too short or left too long this changes the angle and the positioning of the bones in the hoof.

50
Q

What are the consequences of overgrown hooves?

A

1) Lameness.
2) Discomfort.
3) Off - balance
4) Abnormal gait
5) Risk of infections
- when the hoof is too long the ends are thin
-since the ends are thin this can cause them to break-off allowing an opening for bacteria and viruses to enter

51
Q

Why is hoof trimming so important in todays farming practices?

A

1) Farm flooring ( Hard, wet, slippy)
2) Less opportunity to go outside for exercise ( As a result of the number of animals)

It comes down to the industrialization of the farming practises resulting in keeping an intensified number of animals indoors.

52
Q

How does feed impact hoof growth?

A

Grains increase hoof growth rate

53
Q

Do alfalfa and grasses impact hoof growth rates?

A

not as much as grain

54
Q

what are some visual cues that a cow is NOT lame?

A

1) Flat back
2) No head bobbing
3)no Limping or reluctance to bear weight
4)Joints flex equally ( one leg isnt stiffer then the others)
5)Tracking up ( Rear feet almost land in foot prints left by the front feet)

See slide 29 in the lab PowerPoint for a visual

55
Q

What is laminitis?

A

Inflammation of the Lamellae

56
Q

What does laminitis cause? and how?

A

It causes Lameness

the inflammation of the tissue pushes on the pedal bone resulting in a change in the conformation of the hoof.

see picture on slide 30 from lab PowerPoint

57
Q

What is laminitis caused by?

A

1) Poor diet
2) Poor or interrupted blood flow

58
Q

Laminitis is common in what type of farm animal?

A

Lactating cows

59
Q

What are Stress or Event Rings?

A

They are deviation around the hoof wall from the coronary band caused by stress, poor diet or hoof problems/ Disease

60
Q

What can producers do to ensure hoof health?

A

1) Good hoof trimming practices
2) Good nutrition
3) Good maintenance of floors and ground surfaces
4) Cleanliness
5) Foot baths
6) Daily gait checking by staff/farmer
7) Regular vet visits

Hoof Anatomy (1 decks)

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