Honours Flashcards
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Properties of a solid
Particles are closely packed
Solids ahve definate shape and volume
When heated particles vibrate in place
Properties of liquids
Particles are loosely packed
It does not have a fixed shape
when heated particles move faster creating more kinetic energy
Properties Gases
Particles are widely spaced
Gases do not have a fixed shape or volume
They have the most kinetic energy out of all the states of matter
What is Kinetic Molecular Theory
The theory explains that matter is made up of particles that are constantly in motion
What is Brownian motion
The zigzag motion of particles caused by collision of particles
what is heat
Heat is a form of energy that causes temperature to either decrease or increase
What is temperature
a measure of how hot or cold a substance is
What is Evaporation
The process by which a liquid turns into a gas naturally
What is boiling
The process by which a liquid turns into a gas upon heating with an external source
What are factors that affect the rate of evaporation
Surface area- if the surface area is larger then there is more to evaporate
Temperature
Humidity - Lower humidity increases the rate of evaporation
Air movement because air can carry particles speeding up evaporation
What are the methods of heat transfer
Conduction- is transfered through direct contact from hotter to coller areas
Convection - is heaty transfered by movement of a fluid when hotter particles rise and cooler particles descend and get heated up circulation
Radiation- Heat that is transfered through waves
what is a vacuum flask
prevents conduction and convection
what is static electricity
Results from an imbalance of charges on a surface, often through friction.
Example: Rubbing a balloon on your hair, where electrons transfer and create a static charge.
What is Current Electricity
Flow of Charge: Movement of electrons through a conductor.
Examples of Static Electricity
Shocking Touch: When you touch a metal doorknob after walking on a carpet, you may experience a small shock. This happens because you have built up excess static charge on your body, and when you touch the doorknob (which is a conductor), the charge quickly flows to neutralize the imbalance.
Balloon and Hair: If you rub a balloon on your hair, your hair becomes positively charged and stands up due to the attraction to the negatively charged balloon.
Static Cling: Clothes in the dryer can stick together because of the build-up of static electricity. Clothes rub against each other and gain opposite charges, making them stick together.
Lightning: A massive natural example of static electricity is lightning. When charges build up in clouds, a discharge of static electricity occurs between the clouds or between the clouds and the Earth, resulting in a lightning strike.
