Honors Biology B Unit 1 Test (DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis) Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic
What are the 2 reasons why DNA is unique?
It contains our genetic code
It copies itself exactly
What are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA?
nucleotides
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base
What are the 4 nitrogen bases present in DNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
What are purines? How many rings do they have?
Adenine and guanine, 2 rings
What are pyrimidines? How many rings do they have?
Thymine and cytosine, 1 ring
The double helix structure of DNA was discovered by 4 scientists - what are their names?
James Watson
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins
What did Erwin Chargaff discover?
Complementary strands
What is the “backbone” of DNA made up of?
Alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups
What holds the DNA molecule together?
Hydrogen bonds
Name the complementary strands of a DNA molecule.
Adenine and thymine
Cytosine and guanine
What enzyme “unzips” the 2 strands of DNA in DNA replication?
DNA helicase
What does DNA polymerase do?
Help hydrogen bonds link the complements of the “old” strand of DNA
What are the 3 types of RNA? What does each type do?
Messenger RNA (mRNA): found in the nucleus, then moves to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. A single uncoiled chain carries genetic info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): found in the cytoplasm. Bonds to a specific amino acid and carries the amino acid to the ribosome.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): found in ribosomes. Metabolic molecule that aids in protein synthesis
