Honors Bio vocab DNA Flashcards
organic molecule, stores ATGC and transmit genetic information
Nucleic Acid
genetic instructions, shaped like a double helix, nucleic acid store genetic information in nucleus
DNA
long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of protein, numerous genes, X shaped bundles of DNA
chromosome
center of chromosomes where spindle fibers attach
Centromere
1 strand of chromosome
Chromatid
ATGC
Nitrogenous Base
monomer that forms DNA, building block for DNA/RNA
Nucleotide
DNA/RNA base that bonds with thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
DNA base that bonds with Adenine (A)
T
DNA/RNA base that bonds with Cytosine (C)
G
DNA/RNA base that bonds with Guanine (G)
C
RNA base that bonds with Adenine (A) during transcription
U
nucleic acid that carries out DNA’s instruction, contain AUGC and ribose sugar
RNA
process by which DNA molecule duplicates
DNA replication
DNA to mRNA; happens in the nucleus
Transcription
carries DNA’s messages from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
mRNA to protein; happens at ribosome in cytoplasm
Translation
brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
set of 3 mRNA bases that codes for one amino acid
Codon
set of 3 bases found on a tRNA molecule, complementary to the mRNA strand
Anticodon
molecule that makes up protein
Amino Acid
a change in the sequence of DNA
Mutation
change in 1 nucleotide of DNA
Gene mutation
changes of large sections of DNA
Chromosomal mutation
