Honey Flashcards
To pass module 2
Name types of honey extractor
Tangential, radial, honey press
Give a UK thixotropic honey
Ling heather
Instruments used for measuring moisture content
Refractometer, hydrometer
Term used for tendancy to absorb moisture
Hydroscopicity
Name 5 saleable products other than honey
Beeswax, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom
Chemical compounds of fermentation of honey
Ethanol , carbon dioxide
4 Plants that produce pollen in spring
Pussy willow, bluebell, crocus, snowdrop
Secretion from aphids
Honeydew
Relative density aka
Specific gravity
1.4
What’s royal jelly?
Food for honey bee queen larvae
Pollination
Transfer of pollen from anther’s to stigma of another flower
Fertilisation
Fusion of male gamete(pollen) with female gamete(ovule) to produce a single cell (zygote)
Methods of cross pollination
Self incompatibility
Protandry
Protogyny
Heyrrostly
Characteristics of fermented honey
Water content above 20% temp 18-21°
Osmomphilic yeast, granulation
Factors causing honey to ferment
High water content above 20% 23% for ling
Presence of ethanol and carbon dioxide. Temperature 18-21°. Granulation
Honey legislation come into effect
2003
2005
Electrical conductivity of honey
less than 0.8mS/cm
Water content of bakers honey
Less than 25%
Fructose and glucose content
More than 60/100g
Measure of sucrose
5/100g
Hmf level
Less than 40mg/kg
Distase level
More than 8
Blossom Honey composition
Moisture less than 20% Fructose glucose 60g/ 100g Sucrose less than 5g/100g except borage and lavender Water insoluble less than 0.1g/100g Distase more than 8 No foriegn tastes odours
Ovary
5 parts containing 2 ovules
Petals
5 corolla
Filament
Carries anther collectively known as stigma
Stigma
Receptors for pollen
Anther
Where pollen grains develops
Style
Holds stigma by style stalks
Temperature to speed up crystallisation
14°
Cross pollination
Pollen from different plant of same species transferred to stigma
What’s melomel
Mead and fruit juice
Name and describe extractor for heather honey
Honey press. Squeezes honey, destroys comb
Equivalent metric weight 1lb
454g
Does a block of wax sink or float?
Float
What is metheglin?
Mead and spices
Name the secretion from the bodies of aphids
Honeydew
Methods of uncapping
Fork, knife, flailing,needeler, heat gun
Common Latin name for unpalatable honey
Ivy Hedera helix
Temperature beeswax discolours
83° c 180F
Temperature beeswax melts
62-64°.
143-147f
4 product other than wax from hive and uses
Propolis health tincture
Bee sting alternative therapy
Royal jelly beauty products
Pollen health food
4 product other than wax from hive and usespro
, health
4 product other than wax from hive and usespro
, health
4 product other than wax from hive and uses
Propolis health tincture
Pollen, health food
Bee sting, alternative therapy
Royal jelly, cosmetics
Composition of nectar
Water Sugars sucrose, glucose, fructose Salts Organic acids Enzymes Proteins Aromatic substances
What’s the specific gravity of honey? Aka
Relative density
1.4
What’s honeydew?
Secretion from bodies of aphids
Two main sugars found in honey
Glucose fructose
Maximum sucrose in honey
5g/100g
Two enzymes found in honey
Invartase/sucrase
Glucose oxidase
Diastase
Max hmf level
40mg/kg
Enzyme that changes sucrose to glucose and fructose
Invertase/sucrase
Where are cherry /broad bean extra floral nectaries?
Close to leaf petiole
Bracken extra floral nectaries
Base of frond where joins main stem
Key changes from honey to nectar
Water content reduced to below 20%
Enzymes added invertase, changes s to g+ f
glucose oxidase diastase
Broad bean extra floral nectaries
Dark purple spots o light green stipules at the base of the leafpetioles
What’s the recommended temp for storing honey?
30°?
Disadvantage of tangential extractor
You have to swap frames round
Which component of ling honey causes the honey to gel?
?
What is sucrase?
Invertase, enzyme which changes sucrose to glucose and fructose
What is an entomophilous plant or flower?
?
What’s the major difference between ling and bell heather honey?
Ling is thixotropic bell is not?
What does the shade scale measure?
?
Give 1 criterion for honey to be labelled bakers honey according to honey regs 2003?
Less than 25% water content
Give temperature and time to warm honey in water bath to give a shelf life of 3-6 months
50° 1-3 days?
State upper and lower limits of sugar content of nectar as%
%
State max temperature honey should be stored to prevent deterioration
30°?
What’s the max permitted level of Sucrose on blossom honey?
5/100g
What does beeswax develop when store in cool temperature?
?
How do honeybees carry propolis?
?
What’s the max moisture content of calluna (ling)?
23%
What animal produces honeydew?
Aphids
Name one property of honey that makes it suitable as a wound dressing?
Antibacterial
Why should honey not be given to children under 12 months?
Danger of contracting
How does a white clover floret show it has been pollinated?
?
What’s the minimum diastase activity permitted in UK honey?
Average 20.8
Name a factor affecting the secretion of ling heather honey
Weather, too dry no nectar
What is glucose oxidase?
An enzyme
What happens if a honey with one relative density is added to one with another rs and not thoroughly mixed?
Separates
Name a component that can identify honeydew under a microscope
?
What type of the extractor can be use to spin ling?
?
What is Melissopalynogy?
?
Maximum sucrose in borage honey
/
Name a substance found in honeydew not found in floral honey
??
Give one example of a dioecious plant
?
Which piece of legislation is specific to the sale and production of honey?
Honey regulations 2003?
