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Neuro II - Final Exam > Hon - Review And Bolded Words > Flashcards

Hon - Review And Bolded Words Flashcards

1
Q

What characterizes FTD?

A

Emotional dullness, loss of moral judgement, progressive dementia

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2
Q

Common migraine location?

Gender ratio and age?

Description?

A

Unilateral

Female, 35-40 y/o

Throbbing, sharp, pressure

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3
Q

When is warfarin generally indicated for stroke patients?

A 
AFib
Prosthetic Valve
MI
Atrial septal defect
Hypercoagulable state
Large vessel disease
Aortic arch disease
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4
Q

Aphasia, right sided sensory and motor symptoms, right visual field cut is associated with what kind of stroke?

A

Left hemisphere

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5
Q

What helps Essential tremor temporarily?

Long-term tx?

A

EtOH

Propanolol, primidone, benzodiazepine

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6
Q

What type of M.S. Has a slow downhill course?

Exacerbations and remissions?

A

Secondary progressive

Relapsing remitting

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7
Q

NIH stroke scale greater than 20 indicates what?

Less than 10?

A

17% risk of hemorrhage

2-3% risk of hemorrhage

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8
Q

ADEM occurs when?

Reoccurs when?

A

Following a viral infection or immunization

NEVER

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of CBD?

A

Cortical and BG dysfunction
Bradykinesia and rigidity
Sensory loss, apraxia, myoclonus, aphasia

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10
Q

Writhing, sinuous movements?

A

Athetosis

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11
Q

What is the triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Dementia
Gait disturbance
Urinary incontinence

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12
Q

What is a defined by a post-ictal state?

A

Confused or disoriented

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13
Q

What is the most important information in the diagnosis of epilepsy?

A

The history of the event

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14
Q

Devic’s disease is aka what?

Testing for what in the blood and CSF makes this diagnosis?

Treat how?

A

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)

Aquaporin antibodies

Steroids followed by immunosuppresion

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15
Q

All stroke patients should have IV access but what should never be included in the IVF?

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Irregular, brief, dance like movements?

A

Chorea

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17
Q

When does Wilson’s disease present?

Clinical features?

Treatment?

A

Childhood or young adult

Bradykinetic AND hyperkinetic

De-Penicillamine (chelater)

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18
Q

LP for CSF reveals what in M.S. Patients?

A

Oligoclonal bands

Increased IgG

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19
Q

What medication is used to treat an acute exacerbation in M.S.?

A

High dose corticosteroids (solumedrol)

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20
Q

How long does a classic migraine last?

What’s special about it?

A

15-30 minutes

AURA

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21
Q

Sustained muscle contractions that produce twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures?

A

Dystonia

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22
Q

What is the treatment for AD?

A

Slow the progression of the disease

AChE inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonist

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23
Q

Inheritance of Wilson’s disease?

Produces what dysfunction?

Due to what?

A

Autosomal recessive

Neurologic and hepatic

Decreased binding of copper to cerruloplasmin -> free copper

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24
Q

Cluster HA location?

Behavior?

Associated symptoms?

A

100% unilateral, orbitotemporal

Frenetic, pacing, rocking

Ipsilateral ptosis, Miosis, conjunctival injection, lacrimation, stuffed or runny nose

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25
Q

Hallmark of idiopathic torsion dystonia?

A

Dystonic movements and postures with NO other signs

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26
Q

What is the condition characterized by prolonged seizure (more than 10 min) or repeated seizures without recovery in between?

1st line treatment with what?

A

Status epilepticus

Benzodiazepine

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27
Q

Which type of M.S. Is the most common?

2nd most common?

A

Relapsing remitting (45-50%)

Secondary progressive (20-25%)

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28
Q

Essential tremor has what clinical presentation?

A

Postural or kinetic tremor of both hands, may involve head or neck

Movement induced tremor, OPPOSITE of PD

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29
Q

What is characteristic of a seizure?

A

Urinary/bowel incontinence
Tongue injury
Tonic/clonic movements
Post-ictal state

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30
Q

What defines dementia?

A

Decline in memory and at least 1 other cognitive function

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31
Q

Tension-type HA intensity?

Disability?

Location?

Prodrome/aura?

A

Mild to moderate

Does NOT prohibit daily activities

Bifrontal, bioccipital neck, shoulders

NONE

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32
Q

What is the tetrad of symptoms to Diffuse Lewy Body Disease?

A

Dementia
Bradykinesia/rigidity with NO tremor
Psychotic symptoms (visual hallucination)
Extreme sensitivity to antipsychotic agents

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33
Q

What can treat spasticity in M.S.?

Intention tremor?

Urinary urgency?

Urinary retention?

A

Baclofen, tizanadine, diazepam

Propranolol, primidone, clonazepam

Oxybutinin, Detrol LA

Bethanechol

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34
Q

Clinical course of Diffuse Lewy Body Disease?

A

Progresses more rapidly than AD

Periods of markedly increased confusion lasting days to weeks, mimics delirium

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35
Q

How is epilepsy defined?

A

2 or more unprovoked seizures

36
Q

What is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in BP?

A

Syncope

37
Q

Ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus is associated with stroke?

A

Cerebellar

38
Q

What are the % findings on an EEG of petit mal with hyperventilation?

A

90%

39
Q

Percentages of following stroke:

Hemorrhagic vs. ischemic

A

20% to 80%

40
Q

Brief, rapid, repetitive, seemingly purposeless stereotyped action?

A

Tic

41
Q

Cluster HA intensity?

Affects who?

Recent association with what?

A

Severe, excruciating

Males

obstructive sleep apnea

42
Q

SUNCT syndrome is what?

Occurs in whom?

Tx?

A

Short lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing

Men over 50

Lamotrigine

43
Q

Large amplitude, flinging movement, usually from the proximal part of an extremity?

A

Hemiballism

44
Q

What is mild cognitive impairment disease?

A

Memory complaint that is isolated

Tested abnormal memory for age, precursor to AD

45
Q

How to diagnose Wilson’s?

A

Serum cerruloplasmin level
AND
24 hr. Copper excretion in urine

46
Q

What are the symptoms of PSP?

A

Bradykinesia, rigidity

Loss of voluntary eye movements (vertical gaze)

47
Q

What are the symptoms of MSA (Shy-Drager)?

A

Bradykinesia and rigidity
Pronounced autonomic dysfunction

Pronounce ORTHOSTASIS

48
Q

Tourette’s more common in who?

Most cases are what?

Treatment?

A

Males

Sporadic

Clonidine, Haldol, Phenothiazine

49
Q

What symptom of normal pressure hydrocephalus is more likely to be reversed with shunting?

A

Gait disturbance

50
Q

The following is describing what?

disorder of the brain and spinal cord characterized by periods of increasing and decreasing symptoms and signs (exacerbation and remissions) due to loss of myelin

A

M.S.

51
Q

What anti platelet agents are used to control stroke?

A

ASA
Aggrenox
Plavix

52
Q

What will a MRI show in a patient with M.S.?

A

Ovoid lesions of high signal on T2W1 in the periventricular white matter and spinal cord, lesions may enhance

53
Q

What is the treatment for Trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

Oxcarbamazepine

54
Q

What drugs are used for the maintenance of M.S.?

A

IFNs

Some others

55
Q

What is the criteria for vascular dementia?

A

Focal signs on neurologic examination, normally to 1 side

56
Q

What may be a form of arteritis and occurs in children and adolescents as a complication of a previous group A strep infection?

Characterized how?

A

Sydenham’s Chorea

Unilateral choreiform movements

57
Q

CN findings with contralateral hemisensory or hemimotor symptoms, and vertigo indicate stroke where?

A

Brainstem

58
Q

PD has Lewy bodies where?
Dementia occurs when?
Hallucinations when?

A

Midbrain
Occurs late
In response to antiparkinsonian drugs

59
Q

What is an example of focal torsion dystonia?

A

Writer’s cramp

Dystonia confined to 1 focal area

60
Q

What is a contraindication for Triptan use?

A

Raynaud’s syndrome
HTN
Ergotamines
MAOI

61
Q

Paroxysmal Hemicrania is very similar to what?

Treated with what drug?

A

Cluster headache

Indomethacin

62
Q

What are the common visual disturbances in diffuse Lewy body disease?

Response to Levodopa is what?

A

Animals and children

POOR

63
Q

Benign M.S. Cases make up what %?

What makes up 15-20%?

A

10-15

Primary progressive

64
Q

BOTOX is FDA approved preventative treatment for what?

A

Chronic migraine

65
Q

What is characterized by a spontaneous attack of vertigo that does not involve hearing loss or tinnitus and resolves spontaneously?

What other Sx?

A

Vestibular neuronitis

Vertigo
Nausea
Vomiting

66
Q

What is a theory for cause of Meniere’s Disease?

A

INC in endolymph volume -> endolymph hydrops

67
Q

What antibiotics can cause equilibrium disorder?

A

Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Vancomycin

68
Q

Repeated episodes of vertigo without other neurological symptoms should suggest what?

A

Non-neurological cause

69
Q

What are the peripheral causes of vertigo?

A

BPPV
Vestibular neuronitis
Meniere’s
Drug induced ototoxicity

70
Q

What is SCA1?

A

Olivopontocerebellar

71
Q

What is SCA3?

A

Machado-Joseph

72
Q

A port wine stain that extends to the upper eyelid indicates what?

Susceptible to what?

A

Ataxia-Telangiectasia

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections

73
Q

What causes coma?

A

B/L hemisphere dysfunction
Or
Brainstem dysfunction

74
Q

Consciousness depends on arousal from what brain structure?

A

Cerebral cortex by the ARAS

75
Q

What is mental blunting, increased sleep, aroused to mild stimuli?

A

Obtundation

76
Q

What is disorientation, stimuli misinterpreted, hallucinations?

A

Delirium

77
Q

What is arouses only to noxious stimuli and not environmental, only rudimentary awareness?

A

Stupor

78
Q

A musty smell on a pt indicates what?

A

Hepatic failure

79
Q

What 3 things cause pinpoint pupils?

A

POP
Pilocarpine
Opiates
Pontine Lesion

80
Q

Bobbing nystagmus means lesion where?

Ping pong?

A

Pons

Midbrain

81
Q

Convergence and retractory nystagmus means lesion where?

A

Mesencephalon

82
Q

Doll’s eye is testing where?

Caloric reflex?

A

mid pons

Low pons

83
Q

What is Hyperpnia regulating alternating with apnea?

Lesion where?

A

Cheynes-Stokes breathing

Diencephalon

84
Q

Apneustic breathing is where?

A

Lower pons

85
Q

Pupillary reactions are usually preserved in what type of stupor/coma?

A

Diffuse or metabolic

Neuro II - Final Exam (4 decks)

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