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Neuro II Final DF > Hon Review > Flashcards

Hon Review Flashcards

1
Q

transient global amnesia

casue
presentation
neuro signs?
recurrence?

A
  • cause i unknwon
  • manifests as 3-4 hrs in which pt has no memory
  • know their name, forget what they are doing and why they are at a certain place,
  • no neurological signs
  • almost never recurs
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2
Q

what defines consciousness

A

awareness of:

self and surrounding

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3
Q

approach pt that is in alterd state of consciousness, first steps

A

trying to identify the cause

nature of process and anatomical location of the problem

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4
Q

lewy body disease (diffuse lewy body disase)

-presents with what
-mental status exam results
-who gets it most
-

A

pt presents with hallucinations early, usually see children and small animals

  • physicaly see bradykinesia, no tremor, rigdity (slow and stiff)
  • frequent falls
  • do reasonably well on mental status exam
  • old person disease
  • periods of time lasting days where they are really confused, then resolves on own
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5
Q

alzheimers

  • presentation
  • mental status exam
  • late sympoms and early
A

short term memory loss early

  • difficulty coming up with words like peoples names and objects
  • forget where they placed things, apts
  • miss points on mental status exam
  • on the exam cannot draw clock well
  • as disease progresses get delusions and hallucinations and paranoia come late
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6
Q

schizophrenia

A

get audiotry hallucination

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7
Q

if someone has a stroke and then 6 months later still cannot understand what people are saying and does not improve, this is called

A

vascular dementia

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8
Q

most people do or do not have aura before migraine

A

do not

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9
Q

what is aura

A

happens sometimes before migraine
visual symptoms that last 15-30 mintues
nausea, sometimes vomiting, photophobia

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10
Q

what can trigger migraine in women

A

menses, ovulation

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11
Q

migraine is a disease of what people

A

young, more in women

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12
Q

migraine with an aura is

A

classic migraine

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13
Q

migraine without aura is

A

common migraine

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14
Q

worrisome signs of migraine

A

worst headache of life, first time having this, fever with it, focal neuro signs, abrupt onset

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15
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

if doesn’t show up in CT get a lumbar puncture to lok for blood bc sometimes won’t show up in CT until later on

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16
Q

cluster headache presentation

  • how long
  • unilateral or bilateral
  • what sex, and recurrence?
  • what time of year
A 
icepick in periorbital region
unilateral
last 30 mintues or so
more often in men, recur in same day
-in classic form occur seasonally from early nov to christmas time
17
Q

chronic migraine
how often
what btwn

A

history that sounds like migraine

  • about 15 or more headaches a month for a period of 3-4 months
  • in last 5 yrs headaches have increased in severity and amt
  • in btwn migraines have dull moderate headaches 20-25 days a month for last 2 years
18
Q

treatment for chronic migraine

A

botox injection
beta blockers like propanolol, AEDs, and TCAs
-valproic acid and topiramate

19
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

presentation
treatment
triggers

A

sharp shooting pain that lasts for a few seconds and recurs during the day often

  • severe pain
  • carbamazapine or oxycarbamazapine for treatment
  • triggers for this can be eating or drinking really hot or cold substances, talking can be trigger too
20
Q

wilson’s disease

age group
too much what
how to test
involves what organs
presentation
A 
young person disease
too much copper
get 24 hr urine excretion of copper and serum ceruloplasmin level
involves brain and liver
bradykinetic and hyperkinetic
21
Q

treating wilson’s disease

A

chelating agent like penaciliamine

22
Q

parkinsons disease

A

resting pill rolling tremor (hands at rest)
when put hands out tremor gets better
dementia with 50% of cases
orthostasis from dysautonomia (occurs later in disease)
-

23
Q

if dysautonomia is rigid and slow and pronounce then probably what disease

-if above with voluntary gaze problems then what disease

A

MSA not parkinsons

PSP

24
Q

MS wax and wane period called

A

relapse/exacerbation and remission

25
Q

testing MS

A

lumbar puncture

oligoclonal bands and increased IgG

26
Q

disease modifying drugs for MS

A

decrease frequency of exacerbations and severity and slow progression of disease

  • interferons
  • glatirimer acetate
  • natalizumab
  • fingolimod
  • teriflunomide
  • dimethyl fumarate
  • alemtuzamab
27
Q

drugs to treat MS symproms

A

spasticity: baclofen and tizanadine
intention tremor: propranolol, primidone, clonazepam
urinary urgency: oxybutinin
urinary retetion: bethanechol
painful dysesthesias: carbamazepine, oxcarbamazepine, gabapentin, phenytoin
fatigue: amantadine, modafinil, buproprion

28
Q

multiple lesions over space and time is

A

MS

29
Q

if only 1 episode of MS type activity then called

A

ADEM

if see only one lesion in CT then it is old and ADEM

30
Q

when evaluating person with loss of consciousness the most important thing is to

A

get history from people around them when event happened

31
Q

how you know a seizure occured instead of fainting

A 
loss of bowel or bladder control
post ictal
focal neuro symptoms
smell something funny
stiffening is seizure
32
Q

syncope signs

A

nausea, vomiting, dimming of light

33
Q

seizure meds which cover both partial onset/focal as well as primary generalized

A

valproate, lamotragene, levatriacetum

-zinisimide, topirimate to some degree

34
Q

things that can mimic stroke

A

profound hypo/hyper glycemic

hepatic abnormalities can mimic focal neuro deficits ike numness tingling vomiting

35
Q

if elderly pt comes in and is weak on one side had stroke in IC/BG. want to prevent secondary stroke by

A

no glucose in IV
leave BP alone if it is high bc acute hypertension is normal
give them: aspirin and plavix, aspirin and ticlid, plavix and dipyridamole

36
Q

CT scan on pts with storke

A

hypodensity will show dark area (ischemic) if blood then see bright white

37
Q

first steps of treating pt with storke

A

ABCs, localize lesion, CT scan, blood work, IV

38
Q

when would you want to place pt on anticoagulants for stroke prevention in future

A

people with prosthetic valves
A fib pts especially intermittent
someone that has had an MI, especially with cardiomyopathy
-normal ejection fraction is 55-60%
-if have 10-25% for example then have cardiomyopathy = increase risk for throwing clot

Neuro II Final DF (4 decks)

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