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Hon 2 Quiz 3 > Hon 2 quiz 3 > Flashcards

Hon 2 quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Mindfulness, Savoring, and Flow is associated with

A

Better academic performance, work performance, better relationships, and more frequent experiences of positive emotions are associated with doing one thing at a time and being mindful

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2
Q

Media multitasking

A

concurrent use of two or more media streams (TV, print, phone, music, video games, email, text message)

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3
Q

Those who engage in more media multitasking are likely to have difficulty

A

maintaining attention compared to those who do not.

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4
Q

Texting during class can usually predict

A

worse grades

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5
Q

Mindfulness is about present moment awareness:

A

The attention you bring to your current thoughts, feelings, sensations, as well as to the external environment in which you find yourself at any given moment.

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6
Q

Attention to present moment is done

A

purposefully

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7
Q

Automatic pilot

A

not being focused

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8
Q

Non Judgmental stance

A

noticing feelings or urges but not labeling them as good or bad.

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9
Q

Non reactivity

A

Making space between you and your thoughts, feelings, sensations, and urges. “I watch my feelings without getting lost in them”

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10
Q

Acceptance attitude

A

see things as they really are

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11
Q

Beginner’s mind

A
  • approach information and experiences sin the present moment as a novice who is still open to learning,
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12
Q

Definitions of mindfulness

A

Most recent- The cognitive process of noticing new things, seeking out and attending to a variability, and actively generating novelty and making distinctions

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13
Q

Mindfulness is associated with

A

psychological, interpersonal, and physical benefits

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14
Q

A mindful person can experience the same events as a less mindful person but it may

A

not affect them as much because they treat it as passing events rather than definitive or stable truths.

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15
Q

Loving-kindness meditations

A

effort to change or grow one’s connection to others

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16
Q

Mediator

A

variable that explains the relationship b/w two other variables

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17
Q

Savoring

A

Process of up-regulating positive emotion by redirecting your attention in the moment to stimuli or events that lead to the experiences of positive emotion

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18
Q

Flow

A

state of absorption in an intrinsically rewarding activity

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19
Q

3 conditions give rise to experience of flow-

A

goals established, immediate feedback, and challenge of the activity and challenge of your skills to meet that challenge are in balance.

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20
Q

Clinical psychologist approach therapy as

A

evaluate, diagnosis, treat disease

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21
Q

Disease model (used by clinical psychologists)

A

placing emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Therapy begins with assessment of symptoms, then the psychologists determine whether the symptoms meet the criteria for any of the disorders contained in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders. To qualify you must have 5 of the 9 DSM symptoms

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22
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders

A

symptoms that determine mental illness

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23
Q

positive -negative asymmetry effect-

A

when forming first impressions of others we tend to spend more time and energy processing negative than positive information and this negative information ultimately contributes to our conclusions.

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24
Q

Strength-based model

A

strength based approaches that involve identifying and nurturing peoples psychological and social assets rather than solely remedying their problems.

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25
Q

Mental health is a state of

A

well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.

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26
Q

mental health is defined as

A

the presence of strengths not the absence of problems

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27
Q

Corey keys defined mental health as composed of three related things:

A

Hedonic emotional well-being, Eudaimonic psychological well-being, and Eudaimonic social well-being

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28
Q

Hedonic emotional well-being:

A

experiencing pleasure - high levels of positive effect low levels of negative effect

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29
Q

Eudaimonic psychological well-being

A

finding personal fulfillment - self acceptance, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life.

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30
Q

Eudaimonic social well-being

A

: experiencing optimal functioning in groups - social acceptance, social integration, social contribution, social coherence, and social actualization.

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31
Q

Researchers surveyed 535 people being treated for major depressive disorder.

A

16.6% of participants said that “presence of positive health” can be used to help heal depression.

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32
Q

Positive psychology intervention

A

designed to increase people’s level of virtually any positive psychology variable imaginable, including gratitude, mindfulness, hope, forgiveness, and kindness.

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33
Q

Researchers do not agree what even

A

constitutes a PPI

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34
Q

First definition of PPI

A

any intervention focusing on a positive topic

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35
Q

Second definition of PPI

A

PPIS must target mechanisms or outcomes that full under the category of positive psychology

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36
Q

Final definition of PPI

A

PPis should have the goal of improving people’s lives not fixing problems

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37
Q

Parks and Biwas-Diener believe that

A

no one definition can work, instead they propose 3 criteria for PPI.

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38
Q

3 criteria for PPI by Parks and Biwas-Diener

A
  1. To nurture or increase particular positive psychology variables like optimism, gratitude, forgiveness, ect.
  2. Research shows that the intervention actually changes the positive psychology variable it purports to target (helps exclude pop psychology)
  3. Research shows that improving the targeted positive-psychology variable will lead to desirable outcomes.
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39
Q

LIFE model combines

A

subjectivity and objectivity and collective and individual to define PPIS

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40
Q

Positivity activity intervention:

A

designed to increase well-being by promoting positive feelings, positive thoughts, and positive behavior. developed to nurture optimism and hope

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41
Q

College students wrote for 8 weeks 15 mins per day envisioning a positive future life.

A

It showed that those who did this had seen great increases in well-being and had achieved their goals rather than those who did not.

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42
Q

-Interventions made to

A

help people practice and nurture character strengths.

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43
Q

Hope therapy

A

set goals, generate pathways to goals, produce higher agency thoughts

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44
Q

Well-being therapy:

A

targets various components of Carl Ryiff model of psychological well-being. Takes place over 8-16 weekly or biweekly sessions each lasting 45 to 60 minutes
It takes place in three phases:

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45
Q

Three phases of well being therapy

A

first identifying past experiences of well-being, then identify the distorted or irrational thoughts blocking your well-being, and last Ryff’s six dimensions of psychological well-being are presented.

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46
Q

Ryff’s six dimensions of psychological well-being are

A

Self-acceptance, environmental mastery, autonomy, personal growth, positive social interactions, and life purpose.

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47
Q

CBT

A

Cognitive behavior therapy:

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48
Q

Research usually addresses WBTS efficacy in augmenting tradition.

A

3 controlled trials showed that combining CBT with WBT results in a decreased rate of relapses in peoples recurrent depression.

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49
Q

Highschool students who participated in WBT showed

A

greater improvement in psychological well-being and decreases in anxiety.

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50
Q

Positive psychotherapy

A

a newer example of PPI designed to treat depression
Based on 3 premises:

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51
Q

PPTBased on 3 premises:

A
  1. Psychopathology can result when challenges and problems in life thwart clients capacity for growth, fulfillment, and well-being
  2. Strengths and positive feelings are important in their own right
  3. Not all clients need deep long term discussions of their troubles
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52
Q

Three phases of ppt

A

clients explore a balanced narrative of themselves, clients deal with negative memories and cultivate positive emotions, and are introduced examples to help them foster positive relationships, meaning, and purpose.

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53
Q

What is intriguing about WBT and PPT is that disorders like depression may be

A

bolstering clients’ psychological assets rather than solely targeting their symptoms.

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54
Q

Culture matters for

A

PPIS as well

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55
Q

Korea had smaller increase than

A

United states when using gratitude interventions

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56
Q

6 love styles by John Alan Lee 1973:

A

Eros, Ludus, Storge, Mania, Agape, Pragma

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57
Q

Eros

A

passionate, sexual, or romantic (physically attracted)

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58
Q

Ludus

A

a game (based on tricks played by partner ex: Blair and Chuck)

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59
Q

Storge

A

familia love, love that arises in people living together or near

60
Q

Mania

A

mental illness generally marked by euphoria, excitement, or obsession

61
Q

Agape

A

altruistic love (highest and purest) selfless

62
Q

Pragma

A

practical and businesslike

63
Q

Hendricks used self-report by 57 couples to determine if any love style could form satisfying relationships.

A

Results: -eros is positively related to satisfaction
-ludus scores were negatively related to satisfaction

64
Q

Triangular theory of love

A

a taxonomy developed by Robert Strenberg and it identifies a number of love types and places them along three dimensions (Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment)

65
Q

Intimacy refers to feelings of

A

closeness, connectedness, and boldness in loving relationships
-primarily emotional in nature

66
Q

Passion refers to the

A

physical and sexual attraction
-primarily motivational in nature

67
Q

Commitment refers to

A

the decision to maintain that love despite ups and downs
-largely cognitive since it involves having a belief that a relationship is worth maintaining

68
Q

Triangular theory of love describe a variety of kinds of love

A

Ex: infatuation involves high levels of passion and low levels of intimacy or commitment
High levels of intimacy + passion = romantic love
High levels of intimacy + commitment = companionate love
High levels of passion + commitment = fatuous love
All three = the Holy grail

69
Q

Sorkowski and Sternberg teamed up with 100 researchers to assess the theory in 25 countries across all inhabited continents to test the Triangular love scale.

A

The results showed that the scale functions fairly equally over 25 countries and two components related to relationship duration (passion highest in shorter time couples and commitment highest in long term).
BUT it was cross-sectional and longitudinal so we don’t know over time how it may look.

70
Q

Fredrickson says that love is the supreme emotion and other positive emotions such

A

as joy, happiness, pride, and gratitude tend to be associated with it. But it also differs because it is an interpersonal emotion and involves others.

71
Q

Fredrickson defines love as

A

as a moment to moment emotional experience that is characterized by warm and mutual caring.

72
Q

Positive resonance

A

behavior and brain sync up when experiencing love

73
Q

Researchers tested the degree to which brains synchronize when someone is telling a story. They tested it using two native speakers and one native english speaker. They used IRNS equipment in order to test it.

A

It showed that the brains do synchronize when they can understand

74
Q

Biological mechanism that may play role in love:

A

Oxytocin- neuropeptide/ hormone help people read social cues better and be more altruistic

75
Q

Vagus nerve

A

extends from brain to parts of body. Believed to play a role in emotion regulation and social competence.
Ex: research shows that those with lower vagal tone may be more prone to psychological arousal and negative emotions

76
Q

A social network is related to

A

greater levels of well-being

77
Q

Research by Diner and Seligman examined the happiest 10% of students and least happy 10% of students in a setting.

A

The happiest spent less time alone and were more satisfied with their relationships.

78
Q

Degrees of separation

A

one degree separated from a friend, two degrees separated from a family friend, three degrees separated from a friends friends friend

79
Q

Studies showed that one person’s happiness spreads through their social network even up to

A

three degrees of separation

80
Q

Friendship

A

Voluntary interdependence between two people that include the satisfaction of interpersonal needs or desires such as intimacy, support, or self validation.

81
Q

Both quality and quantity of friends are associated with

A

happiness but quality tends to be more so.

82
Q

Social media interaction with friends can be related to

A

disconnect

83
Q

Being married is related to

A

higher psychological well-being than not

84
Q

When people are married and in an environment surrounded by peers were it is normal and expected

A

they are more likely to be satisfied with their marriage

85
Q

People’s overall well-being and satisfaction can depend on

A

satisfaction of marriage

86
Q

Three major theories about what factors lead to long-lasting and satisfying relationships

A

Attachment theory, Social Exchange Theories, and Balance theory of relationships

87
Q

Attachment theory

A

Originally developed by John Bowbly and expanded by Mary Ainsworth. States that bonds that children form with parents or guardians determines the way they will form relationships throughout their lives
Ex: children who grow up with a sense of trust and security are said to have a secure attachment style
Research supports that those with secure attachment style tend to have higher levels of satisfaction within relationships

88
Q

Social Exchange Theories

A

propose that people’s decisions to engage in and remain in a relationship, as well as their satisfaction in that relationship, depend on weighing the costs and benefits of relationships.
Ex: people’s decisions to remain in a job are related to their decision to remain in a relationship
“Partners in relationships seek to maximize reward and minimize cost.

89
Q

Balance theory of relationships

A

Gottman and Nortarius said that the stability of a relationship and the degree of satisfaction a couple of experiences depend on achieving a healthy balance between negative and positive interactions.
-disagreements or anger are not necessarily harmful to the longevity of a couple

90
Q

Investment theory of commitment

A

-The more we invest the more likely we are to remain committed to the relationship even if we fall short in other areas.

91
Q

Comparison level for alternatives refers to

A

a person’s thought whether another relationship would be more beneficial than the current one they are in.

92
Q

3 types of regulate couples:

A

-Validating couples, Voltaire couples, and Conflict minimizing couples:

93
Q

Validating couples:

A

: calm and easy going manner

94
Q

Voltaire couples

A

experience a wide array of ups and downs emotionally

95
Q

Conflict minimizing couples:

A

they try hard to not fight

96
Q

Two types of couples

A

regulated and unregulated

97
Q

-unregulated relationships tend to be

A

dysfunctional

98
Q

Hostile couples:

A

show open contempt for each other: engaging in the same conflict over and over

99
Q

Hostile detached couples:

A

similar but one member seeks to detach from argument while other continues fighting.

100
Q

Nomothetic

A

research identifying tendencies or principles that are generally true of a population of individuals

101
Q

Idiographic

A

study of an individual, who is unique, with properties setting that person apart from other individuals

102
Q

Cultural conceptions on

A

passionate and companionate love appear to be similar

103
Q

Culture influences romance through what we consider to be

A

beautiful
Ex: in Sepik River in Papua New Guinea some men decorate themselves with scars to prove courage

104
Q

standards regarding body weight vary

A

culture to culture
Ex: attractiveness usually associated as slim for women and muscular for men
Black American culture is more likely than White american culture to celebrate people who weigh more as being beautiful

105
Q

Marriage rates differ dramatically from

A

culture to culture (less marriage in south korea and argentina than the US)

106
Q

Culture may influence whether people marry for love versus other reasons

A

Ex US and Europe usually for love whilst regions like India, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa may still use arranged marriages.

107
Q

Attitudes towards same-sex marriage differ through culture.

A

Ex: US and Canada and others recognize it while others do not and it may even be a crime

108
Q

Passionate love

A

feeling of extreme absorption. Often have mood swings and feelings from ecstasy to anguish

109
Q

Companion love

A

a calmer and deeper state of love that is more unshakeable

110
Q

Myth of romantic expectations-
New couples create idealized mythical perceptions

A

“Forever promises, unbridled appreciation, total adoration, blind reassurance, symbols parent indulgence”

111
Q

romantic love can drastically change happiness very quickly

A

Romantic love is associated with euphoria and enhanced well being but also anxiety jealousy and grief. -levels of dopamine can be compared to when using alcohol and cocaine

112
Q

Social media has revolutionized dating and interaction can

A

facilitate or hinder relationships
-Adolescents who use technology more may report lower competencies in romantic relationships one year later

113
Q

Recommendations for romantic love

A

Maintain a healthy balance between traditional in person or on
-prioritize face to face interactions
-adjust communication patterns

114
Q

romantic love can

A

reduce depression while increasing belonging and happiness
-stable relationships tend to show less anxiety and stress
-increase of life expectancy
-maintains a healthy heart
-eases pain

Negative effects:
-untreated mental health issues from relationships

115
Q

Unrequited love

A

romantic feelings or desires or attraction and the other does not reciprocate these feelings
To heal: practice acceptance, reflect on your needs, set boundaries, meditation, limit interactions

116
Q

Social Networks

A

“Having others in ones life”
-friendships: voluntary interdependence that satisfies desires like self validation, support, or self validation.

117
Q

Importance of Social Network

A

sense of belonging, stress relief, self confidence, strategy to cope
-improves length and quality of life

118
Q

The magic ratio

A

every negative experience you have in a relationship it has to have 5 positive interactions to make your relationship stable

119
Q

We need

A

social support. High chance of biomed students dropping out without social support

120
Q

Social media does not fit in well with social networks

A

-people need to take breaks, relationships online or like addictions, too much public eye, delete social media to focus on yourself, social media was very detrimental to mental state, and only use social media when YOU are using it.

121
Q

Family focused positive psychology

A

positive psychology under family focus lens

122
Q

Resilience

A

an ability to cope effectively under severe stress or emotional loss

123
Q

Positive family

A

a healthy family that adjusts well and flourishes during and after challenges

124
Q

Alfred Adler -
4 characteristics of a flourishing family:

A
  1. warmth and respect
  2. democratic approach and authoriative decision-making instead of authoritarian.
  3. household rules for maturity and autonomy, and
  4. access to healthy relationships with the wider community.
125
Q

4 types of parental styles:

A

Neglectful/ absent
Permissive: get everything they want no rules
Authoritarian: very strict and lecture based
Authoritative : perfect in middle

126
Q

4 types of parental behavior:

A

Restrictiveness
Appropriateness
Communicability
Warm and support

127
Q

Authoritative study:

A

-difficult to maintain
-Study in Hungary measuring depressive symptoms?
Two aspects to consider:
-Warmth, involvement, acceptance
-Demandingness- control, strictness, monitoring

128
Q

Sibling coalition building:

A

when two or more siblings band together against one sibling

129
Q

Walsh; therapeutic lifestyle changes

A

article and study that explains that mental health and life satisfaction is directly correlated to lifestyle. Discusses Nutrition & Diet, Nature, Recreation, Play Personality, Relaxation/stress, Religion, and Contribution and service.

130
Q

Nutrition & Diet

A

food selection and a colorful plate is important. Fish supplements have MEGA 3 which are directly correlated to mental health and are related to reduced depressive symptoms and psychosis.

131
Q

Nature

A

Nature improves mental health, versatile group of people agree from priests to poets. Nature can exempt significant emotional and psychological tolls and help offer a break.

132
Q

Recreation

A

Allows time to do things you enjoy and increases positive mood and affect. Allows you to have time to spend doing WBES. In children it can help foster social skills and litigate stress in adults.

133
Q

Play personality goes with recreation. What is yours?

A

The Joker (always joking even when I am sad or upset; my main language) and the collector (thrifts)

134
Q

Relaxation and stress:

A

You can manage stress through relaxation and this can decrease stressful events and increase how you cope with it. Self hypnosis and guided imagery can help you deal with anxiety. Yoga and meditation

135
Q

Contribution and service:

A

Act of altruism can enhance happiness and maturity. People who volunteer are happier, healthier, and physically active. “Helpers high” happiness through generosity.

136
Q

Play personality types

A

The Joker, The Kinesthete, The Explorer, the Competitore, The director, the Collector, the artist/creator, the story/teller

137
Q

The Joker

A

Joker play revolves around some kind of nonsense.

138
Q

The Kinesthete

A

“Need to move in order to think” ex athletes

139
Q

The Explorer

A

Being creative physically or emotionally by searching for new feelings and experiences

140
Q

The Competitor

A

enjoys competitive games or playing to win

141
Q

The Director

A

Enjoy planning and executing scenes and events

142
Q

The Collector

A

enjoys holding collection of items.

143
Q

The artist/ creator

A

joy is found in making things

144
Q

The story teller

A

uses their imagination to create scenes or stories

145
Q

Caryl Rusbult proposed that three major factors combine to maintain a person’s commitment to a relationship:

A

satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size.

Hon 2 Quiz 3 (1 decks)

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