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Medical Emergencies > Homones > Flashcards

Homones Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

A

Released by the hypothalamus

Targets Anterior Pituitary to stimulate the release of growth hormone

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2
Q

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)

A

Released by the hypothalamus

Targets anterior pituitary to suppress release of growth hormone.

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3
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone

A

Released by hypothalamus

Targets anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin

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4
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

A

Released by hypothalamus

Targets anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of thyroid stimulating hormone

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5
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

Released by hypothalamus

Targets anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone

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6
Q

Prolactin releasing hormone

A

Released by hypothalamus

Targets anterior pituitary to stimulate release of prolactin

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7
Q

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

A

Released by hypothalamus

Targets anterior pituitary to suppress release of prolactin

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8
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Released by the posterior pituitary gland. (The posterior pituitary gland is stimulated by neuo input from the hypothalamus)
Targets kidneys to stimulate INCREASED water reabsorption into blood volume.

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9
Q

Oxytocin

A

Released by the posterior pituitary gland.

Targets uterus and breasts of females as well as kidneys. Simulates uterine contractions and milk release.

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10
Q

Growth hormone

A

Released by anterior pituitary.

Targets all cells, especially growth cells. Stimulates body growth in childhood; causes switch to fats as energy source

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11
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Released by anterior pituitary.

Targets Adrenal cortexes to stimulate release of corticosteroidal hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

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12
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Released by anterior pitutary gland.

Targets thyroid to stimulate release of thyroid hormones thyoxine and triiodothyronine

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13
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A

Released by anterior pituitary gland.

Targets ovaries or testes. FSH stimulates development of sex cells.

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14
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

Released by anterior pituitary.

Targets ovaries or tests. LH stimulates release of hormones (estrogen, progesterone, or testosterone)

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15
Q

Prolactin

A

Released by anterior pituitary.

Targets mammary glands (females) to simulate production and release of milk.

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16
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

Released by thyroid gland.

Targets ALL cells to stimulate cell metabolism.

17
Q

Triiodothyronin (T3)

A

Released by thyroid gland.

Targets ALL cells to stimulate cell metabolism.

18
Q

Calcitonin

A

Released by thyroid gland.

Targets bone cells to stimulate calcium uptake by bones. Decreases blood calcium levels.

19
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Released by parathyroids.

Targets bone, intestine, kidneys. Stimulates calcium release from bone, calcium uptake from GI tract (through activated vitamin D), calcium reabsorption in kidney.

All of that increases calcium levels in blood.

20
Q

Thymosin

A

Released by the thymus.

Targets white blood cells (primarily T-lymphocytes). Stimulates production and functional development of T lymphocytes.

21
Q

Glucagon

A

Released by the pancreas. (Alpha cells)

Targets all cells (particularly in liver, muscle, and fat). Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogensiss) –> increases blood glucose level

22
Q

Insulin

A

Released by pancreas (Beta cells)

Targets all cells, particularly in liver, muscle, and fat. Stimulates cellular uptake of glucose; increases rate of synthesis of glycogen, proteins, and fats –> decreases blood glucose level

23
Q

Somatostatin

A

Released by the pancreas (Delta cells)

Targets Alpha and Beta cells of pancreas. Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin within islets of Langerhans.

Medical Emergencies (1 decks)

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