Homologous Families - Identifying Flashcards
What are the structural characteristics of a haloalkane?
Contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
General formula:
C (n) H (n+2)
What are the structural characteristics of an alkene?
Contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).
General formula:
C (n) H (n)
What are the structural characteristics of an alcohol?
Contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom.
General formula:
C (n) H (2n+1) OH
What are the structural characteristics of an aldehyde?
Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain, with at least one hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon.
General formula:
C (n) H (2n) O
What are the structural characteristics of a ketone?
Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) within a carbon chain, flanked by two carbon atoms.
General formula:
C (n) H (2n) O
What are the structural feature of carboxylic acids?
Contains a carboxyl group (-COOH).
General formula:
C (n) H (2n) O2
What are the structural features of an ester?
Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an ether link (R-O).
General formula:
C (n) H (2n) O2
What are the structural features of an amine?
Contains a nitrogen atom (N) bound to one or more carbon and/or hydrogen atoms.
General formula:
C (n) H (2n+1) N H (2)
What are the structural features of an amide?
Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) directly attached to a nitrogen atom (N).
General formula:
Similar to carboxylic acids.
Suffix for alkenes?
-ene
Suffix for Haloalkanes?
-ane
Suffix for amines
-amine
Suffix for alcohols
-ol
Suffix for aldehydes
-al
Suffix for ketones?
-one
