Hominoids Flashcards
What is the Oligocene known for in terms of primate evolution?
Epoch before the Miocene, Cool temperatures, contains known cercopithcoids and hominoids
What are Y-5 Molars?
Dental pattern unique to hominoids where there are 5 cusps due to a Y shaped divet in the molars
What is a Hypoconulid
The 5th cusp on a tooth with the Y-5 molar pattern
What are Proconsulids and their defining features?
The earlist family of stem hominoids
From Africa
Early-Mid Miocene
Monkey like, quadrupeds, same length in arms and hindlegs
2-1-2-3 dental formula and Y-5 Molars with no tail
A mosaic of features
What is the Miocene?
The epoch after the oligocene with many apes?
What was primate evolution like during the Miocene?
Ealry Miocene - Ape radiation
Mid Miocene - Apes were doing fine
Late Miocene - Apes were going back to Africa
Proconsul/Ekemo
A species of proconsulid
Stem hominoids
Ape like - no tail, Y-5 molars, trochlear ridge (flexible elbows), and a flexibale ankel
Monkey Like - Inflexible wrists, fingers, and toes, broad pelvis, pronograde trunk, quadroped
Morotopithecus
Ealry Miocene
Uganda
First evidence of upright posture
Othograde in vertebral and glenoid fossa (shoulder joint)
What are the European Apes?
Pierlopithecus, Dyrlopithecus, Ouranopithecus, Oreopithecus
Describe Pierlopithecus
Spain
Mid-Miocene
More Ape like
Barrow shaped ribcage (more ape-like ribs), long fingers and toes, deep palate, straight transverse processes
Still has primitive downwards sloping face and less curved fingers
Orthograde, vertecal climbing, but not suspensory yet.
Drylopithecus
Spain
Mid - Late Miocene
Skull:
African ape like, similar to gorilla, not like chimp.humans
Skeleton:
Great aple-like
Similar to Pongo,
Large Hands, suspensory
Ouranopithecus
Greece
Late Miocene
Possible link to African ape and human clade
Oreopithecus
Italy
Late Miocene
6 cusps on molar
Ape-Like:
Suspensory, shorgt and broad trunk, flexible elbows, possibly flexible hip
FLAT
Chororapithecus
Mid to Late Miocene
Kenya
ONLY teeth
Who are the gibbon ancestors?
Kapi, Yuanmoupithecus, Bunopithecus
Describe Kapi
India
Mid Miocene
Stem Hylobatid (Gibbon)
ONLY molars
Describe Yuanmoupithecus
China
Late Miocene
Gibbon Ancestor with VERY similar teeth
Describe Bunopithecus
China
Ealry to Mid Pleistocene
Similar to three genera of hylobatids (gibbons)
Gibbon or Simian Ancestor
Describe Korapithecus
Thailand
Ealry to Late Miocene
Synapomorphies (which are??) with Pongo
Wrinkled enamel and ROBUST mandibular body
What’s up with Sivapithecus
India/Pakistan
Mid Miocene
Pongo ancestor
Skull
VERY similar to pongo with oval orbits and a narrow interorbital distance, tinnnnyyy lat. incisors, airorhynchy
Body is NOT ape-like and is pronograde with a flat deltoid plane BUT has a lateral trochlear ridge
Gigantopithecus
South and Southeast China
Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene
ONLY dental and mandibular remains
Shares common ancestor with pongo
Specialists and may have gone extint due to that and being in competition with H. erectus and H. Sapien
