Homework Chapter 2 Flashcards
Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
It acts as a receptor to bind specific molecules arriving from outside the cell.
It provides a complete barrier to all fat-soluble proteins, but not water-soluble proteins.
It does not allow material to be transported outside the cell.
It provides a complete barrier to all water-soluble proteins, but not fat-soluble proteins.
It acts as a receptor to bind specific molecules arriving from outside the cell.
Phagocytosis is exemplified by __________.
most types of white blood cells ingesting bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances
a cell manufacturing a substance that is first enclosed in a vesicle and then later secreted from the cell
a cell sampling a tiny amount of extracellular material
oxygen entering cells by diffusion
None of the listed responses is correct.
most types of white blood cells ingesting bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the selective transport process that brings __________ into cells.
LDLs (low-density lipids), phagosomes, and clathrin
some viruses, hormones, and low-density lipids (LDLs)
white blood cells, insulin, and carbon dioxide
water, enzymes, and fat-soluble molecules
All of the listed responses are correct.
some viruses, hormones, and low-density lipids (LDLs)
Materials move into and out of the cell via a variety of transport mechanisms. Which membrane structure illustrated here is used for moving water-soluble molecules across the cell membrane?
integral proteins
Certain ethnic groups (like French Canadians) have an increased genetic predisposition for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). If you are examining a 27-year-old French Canadian female who has chest pain consistent with a heart attack, which of the following would be the least useful?
A chest X ray
A careful family history
Tests such as angiograms (X rays with dye that highlights changes in blood vessels) that would highlight atherosclerosis in the heart (coronary) arteries
Checking the patient’s serum cholesterol levels
A chest X ray
Which statement best describes vesicle formation in the Golgi apparatus?
New vesicles arrive at the concave trans face of the Golgi apparatus.
The convex cis face receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). New vesicles leave the Golgi apparatus by budding off the concave trans face.
Vesicles arrive at the convex trans face and bud off the concave cis face.
Proteins produced by the rough ER are packaged in the Golgi apparatus into new vesicles that bud off the ends of the cisternae.
The convex cis face receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). New vesicles leave the Golgi apparatus by budding off the concave trans face.
All of the following are true of mitochondria EXCEPT __________.
they contain maternally inherited DNA
they provide the instructions for protein synthesis
they are thought to have arisen from bacteria
they generate ATP
they are enclosed by two membranes
they have the most free radicals of any organelle
they provide the instructions for protein synthesis
Organelles are moved within the cytoplasm by being pulled along microtubules by the motor proteins __________ and __________.
dyneins; kinesins
DNA; RNA
glycosomes; lysosomes
rough ER; smooth ER
actin; myosin
dyneins; kinesins
Lipid droplets (one type of inclusion found in cells) resemble __________ and are found in __________ cells.
peroxisomes; kidney
lysosomes; liver
ribosomes; epithelial
glycosomes; dividing
lysosomes; liver
Nuclear pores allow the transport of __________ molecules from the nucleus.
RNA
Glycogen
protein
DNA
RNA
Extended chromatin is where DNA’s genetic code is copied onto messenger RNA molecules in a process called __________.
transcription
transconfiguration
inversion
autolysis
translation
transcription
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine are subunits of the DNA’s double helix called __________.
histones
telomeres
nucleosomes
nucleotides
chromosomes
nucleotides
What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?
synthesis of enzymes needed for cell division
synthesis of centrioles and mitotic spindle as the cell prepares for mitosis
synthesis of proteins and other metabolic molecules necessary for normal cell functions
synthesis of DNA in preparation for cell division
synthesis of DNA in preparation for cell division
In which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers, moved by motor proteins, pull chromosomes toward opposite poles?
anaphase
telophase
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
