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Bio Homeostasis > Homeotatiss > Flashcards

Homeotatiss Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are hormones(1)

A

Hormones are chemical messengers that sent in the blood

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2
Q

What do they control

A

Hormones control things in cells and organs that need constant readjustment

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3
Q

Hormones are produced (3)

A

Hormones are produced (secreted by various glands
Called the W doctrine gland
these glands make up the W doctrine system

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4
Q

Pituitary gland (5)

A

Produces hormones that regulates the body’s conditions
Seen as the master gland
As these hormones act on other glands
Driving them to release hormones that bring about change

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5
Q

Ovaries (2)

A

Produces oestrogen

Involved in menstural cycle

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6
Q

Testes(2)

A

Produces testosterone

Which controls puberty and sperm production

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7
Q

Thyroid (2)

A

Produces thyroixine

Involved in regulating rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

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8
Q

Adrenal gland (2)

A

Produces adrenaline

Which is used for preparing the body for a fight or flight response

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9
Q

Pancreas (2)

A

Produces insulin

To regulate blood glucose levels

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10
Q

Nerves (3)

A

Fast action
Act in short time
Act in a precise area

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11
Q

Hormones(3)

A

Slower action
Acts in a longer time
And is more general area

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12
Q

Glucose (5)

A

Eating foods containing carbohydrates puts glucose back into the blood
Normal metabolism removes glucose
Vigorous metabolism removes a lot more glucose
Insulin and glucagon control blood glucose levels

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13
Q

Blood glucose level too high

A

Insulin secreted by pancreas

Drives glucose into the liver and causes the liver to turn glucose to glycogen

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14
Q

Blood level too low releases glycogen

A

Pancreas secreted glycogen
Go through bloodstream
Drives glucose into the blood through the pancreas and causes the liver to go from glycogen to glucose

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15
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Where pancreas produces little to no insulin, person could have very high blood glucose level which could kill them
Insulin therapy, insulin injections taken throughout the day so that when you eat glucose can be quickly removed. Effective
Limiting food intake of carbs
And exercise

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16
Q

Type 2

A

Being over weight is w risk factor

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17
Q

Kidneys filtration

A

Kidneys make urine by taking waste products from the blood
Substances are filtered out through the kidneys and useful substances like glucose water and ions are re absorbed back into the blood selective absorption
Rest is lost as urine

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18
Q

What is lost in urine

A

Urea
Proteins, ammonia
Ions
Sodium
Water
Constantly control when water is coming in and out
We loose water as sweat and lungs when we breathe in and out

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19
Q

Concentration of urine controlled byy

A

Anti diruetic hormone

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20
Q

Processes of anti directrix hormone pituitary gland

A

Receptors I’m brain detect that water content levels are high
Coordination centre recieves and processes the information and organises a response
then pituitary gland reduces amount of ADh reducing water content

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21
Q

Why kidneys are important

A

If your kidney isn’t working waste products build up in your body and your body can’t control the level of water and ions in theb body and you’ll die

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22
Q

Dialysis

A

Dialysis had to be done regularly to keep concentration of dissolved substances at a normal level and remove waste products

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23
Q

Dialysis part 2

A

A dialysis machine the persons blood flows between a partially permeable membrane and surrounded by dialysis fluid

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24
Q

Pros and cons of dialysis

A

Con 3 times a week
3-5 hours which is long
Expensive for NHS
Can cause blood clots and infections

25
Q

Kidney transplants

A

Only cure but can be rejected

Cheaper than dialysis

26
Q

4 stages in mensural cycle

A 
Stage 1 lining break down
Stage 2 (4-14) lining bbuild up
Stage 3 ovulation
Stage 4 lining maintained
27
Q

Controlled by 4 hormones (oestrogen)

A 
Oestrogen 
Produced by ovaries
Builds uterus lining
Stimulates release of LH
Inhibits FSH
28
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced by ovaries after by remains of follicle after ovulation
Builds lining in second half
Inhibits fsh and Lh

29
Q

FSH

A

Produced in the pituitary gland
Causes eggs to mature
Stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

30
Q

LH

A

Produced in pituitary glands

Stimulates the release of egg

31
Q

Hormones and reducing fertility

A

Oestrogen prevents release of eggs
Progesterone stimulates the real sense of a thick mucus which prevents sperm from reaching the egg
The pill contains both oestrogen and progesterone

32
Q

Side effects of pill

A

Nausea and headache and don’t protect from STis

33
Q

Progress tone only pill

A

Has fewer side effects

34
Q

Other methods

A

Contraceptive patch contains both oestrogen and progesterone lasts a week
Contraceptive implant under skin in the arm releasing progesterone, lasts 3 years
Contraceptive injection progesterone last 2-3 months
IUD kills sperms

35
Q

Other methods

A 
Condoms
Diaphragm
Spermicide
Sterilisation 
Natural methods 
Abstinence’s
36
Q

Increasing Fertlility

A

Someone women have low FSH
Use fertlility drugs using hormones

Pros 
Pregnancy 
Cons
Dosent always work expensive. 
Multiple pregnancies
37
Q

IVF

A

Involves collect eggs from ovaries and then fertlisising them in the lab with the mans sperm
Fertilised eggs grow into embryos in the lab incubator
Once they are tiny cells one or two are returned back into the uterus
FSH and lh are given to simulate egg growth

38
Q

Pros and cons of iVf

A 
Pro
Pregnancy 
Cons
Multiple births
Didn’t work
Expensive 
Time consuming 
Low successes rate 
Painful
39
Q

Ethical issues

A

Unused embryos are one potential human life

40
Q

thyroxine

A

Negative feedback system keeps thyroxine in blood at eight level

41
Q

Plant hormones

A

Auxins is a plant hormone that grows on the tips of shoots and roots
Controls growth of a plant in response to light and gravity
(Gravitrophism) (phototropism)

42
Q

Auxins produced in the tips

A

…. moved backwards to promote cell elongation

43
Q

If the tip of the shoot is removed

A

… no auxins available and then no plant growth

44
Q

Shoots grow towards the light

A

When a shoot tip is exposed to light auxins accumulateson the side that’s shaded
Making the cells grow faster on shades side and causes a bend towards the light

45
Q

Shoots grow away from gravity

Roots grow towards gravity

A

When shoots are growing sideways gravity produces an uneven distribution of auxins which has more on the lower side
This causes the lower side to elongate faster and shoot upwards

46
Q

Roots

A

Roots growing sideways means gravity produces an uneven distribution of auxins so therefore they’ll be more auxins is on the lower side
But in a root an extra auxin Inhibits growth
Therefore the cell elongates faster on the top and drops downwards

47
Q

Synapes connect neurones

A

The connection between two neurones is called a synapse
The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals that diffuse through the gap
Setting off a new signal

48
Q

Reflexes

A

Rapid automatic responses to certain stimuli that doesn’t involve consciousness
Preventing injury
Shine a bright light in face pupils get smaller

49
Q

Reflex arc

A

Neurones in reflex arc go through spinal cord or unconscious part of the brain
Receptor detects a stimuli impulses sent a long to sensory neurone, reaches relay neurone and reach a synapse and chemicals are transferred between neurones which sends impulses to relay, same happens with relay and motor
Then motor travels along To Effector which is muscle gland

50
Q

The eye

A

Sclera- tough outer layer supporting the wall of the eye
Cornea- transparent layer found in the front of the eye which refacts light into the eye
Iris- contains muscle which controls how much light enters the eye
Lens-focuses light into the retina
Cillary muscles and suspensory ligaments control shape of lens
Optic nerve carries information from receptors to retina to Brain

51
Q

Focusing on objects reflex

A

Looking near:

Cillary muscles contact
Suspensory relax
Lens becomes fat
Increase amount it refracts

Distant 
Cillary relax
Suspensory contact
Lens thin
Less refraction
52
Q

Long sightless

A

When lens is in the wrong shape and dosent refract
Wear glasses w convex lenses
Hyperopia

53
Q

Shortsightedness

A

Lens is in the wrong shape and refracts too much light
Concave lens
Myopia

54
Q

Treatments

A

Contact lenses
Laser eye surgery
Glasses

55
Q

Controlling body temp

A

Temp receptors see temp as too high
Then thermogulatory centre recienves and processes this and sends a response
Effectors produce a response eg sweat glands
To counteract the change and restore optimum then repeat

56
Q

When you’re too hot

A

Sweat glands produce sweat
Hair erector muscles relax
Blood supply to surface of skin
Vasodilation transfer energy from skin to environment

57
Q

Too cold

A 
Hairs erect insulation 
No sweat 
Blood supply cut off 
Vasoconstriction
Shiver tooo muscle contraction
58
Q

Brain parts

A

Cerebral cortex responsible for memory, intelligence consciousness and language
Cerebellum- muscle coordination
Spinal cord
Medulla - controls unconscious activities

Bio Homeostasis (1 decks)

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