Homeostatic Mechanisms

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

dynamic steady state, constantly changing, often redundant

Question 2

define pathophysiology

Answer 2

study of the disease process, specifically understanding altered structure-function relationship in a disease process

Question 3

etiology

Answer 3

cause of disease - can have intrinsic or extrinsic etiological factors

Question 4

iatrogenic

Answer 4

when something is caused by medical errors (fits into extrinsic etiological factors)

Question 5

idiopathic

Answer 5

cause unknown

Question 6

action-counteraction

Answer 6

interplay between injury and body’s reaction to injury:
dynamic, constantly changing (just like a state of homeostasis)
varies with the causative agent and type of tissue affected

Question 7

signs

Answer 7

objective manifestations of disease (ex: fever)

Question 8

symptoms

Answer 8

subjective feeling of disease (ex: nausea)

Question 9

syndrome

Answer 9

collection of signs and symptoms that occur together, like Parkinson’s syndrome
NOTE: Parkinson’s syndrome DOES NOT EQUAL Parkinson’s disease

Question 10

disease processes

Answer 10

categorized as acute or chronic; many diseases progress through stages

Question 11

acute condition

Answer 11

relatively severe manifestation of disease, but lasts a short time

Question 12

chronic condition

Answer 12

lasts for a long time

Question 13

latent period

Answer 13

interval between exposure to irritant and first appearance of signs and symptoms

Question 14

prodromal period

Answer 14

first appearance of signs and symptoms

Question 15

stage of manifest illness

Answer 15

acute phase, full intensity of signs and symptoms

Question 16

subclinical stage

Answer 16

function is normal even though the disease process has been established (many organs have a large safety margin)

Question 17

which two stages alternate?

Answer 17

exacerbation and remission

Question 18

convalescence

Answer 18

stage of recovery

Question 19

sequelae

Answer 19

after effects of another condition caused by the original disease process (for example, a viral infection might lead to pneumonia)

Question 20

complication

Answer 20

a new or separate process that arises secondarily (pneumonia following a viral infection may lead to abscess in the lung)

Question 21

levels of prevention

Answer 21

1: managing susceptibility
2: early detection and management of disease
3: alleviating disability and restoring effective functioning

Question 22

epidemiology

Answer 22

study of disease patterns

Question 23

incidence

Answer 23

new cases

Question 24

risk

Answer 24

of people who experience event / # of people who were at risk of experiencing event

Question 24

prevalence

Answer 24

new + old cases combined

Question 25

odds

Answer 25

of people who experience event / # of people who do not experience event

Question 26

risk ratio / odds ratio

Answer 26

one group compared to another

Question 27

endemic

Answer 27

native/confined to a local region

Question 28

epidemic

Answer 28

spreads to many individuals at the same time

Question 29

pandemic

Answer 29

epidemics that affect large geographic regions

Question 30

enzootic

Answer 30

affecting animals in a limited region

Question 31

epizootic

Answer 31

affecting many animals over a large area suddenly and temporarily

Question 32

zoonoses

Answer 32

diseases of animals that can be transmitted to humans